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保水剂在农业上的作用日益重要,肥料与保水剂一体化使用是水肥调控的重要技术,是肥料研究的国际前沿。保水剂是吸水量超过自身重量数百倍以上的亲水性高聚物。保水剂一般分为天然的,合成的及半合成的。保水剂与肥料可以通过物理混合、包膜或化学合成三种方式结合为一体化的保水缓/控释肥料。保水剂具有吸水吸肥功能,保水剂可吸附大量中性分子,对阳离子养分也有较强吸附作用,对阴离子养分吸附弱。肥料种类与盐浓度影响保水剂的吸附作用与膨胀能力。保水缓/控释肥料在土壤中对肥料养分有延迟释放作用。保水缓/控释肥料可改善土壤持蓄水分和水肥交互作用,促进植物对养分的吸收和作物增产。保水缓/控释肥料发展方向是包膜和化成保水缓/控释肥料。保水缓/控释肥料湿润及养分控释机理研究也需要加强。
The role of SAP in agriculture is increasingly important. The integrated use of fertilizers and SAP is an important technology for regulation of water and fertilizer and is the international frontier of fertilizer research. Water-retaining agent is a hydrophilic polymer that absorbs more than several hundred times its own weight. Water-retaining agent is generally divided into natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic. Super absorbent polymers and fertilizers can be combined by physical mixing, coating or chemical synthesis into an integrated buffer / controlled release fertilizer. Water-retaining agent has the function of absorbing water and absorbing water, and the water-retaining agent can adsorb a large amount of neutral molecules, and also has strong adsorption on cationic nutrients and weak adsorption on anionic nutrients. Effect of Fertilizer and Salt Concentration on Adsorption and Expansion Capacity of SAP. Slow / controlled release fertilizers have a delayed release of nutrients in the soil. Slow / controlled release fertilizers can improve soil moisture and water and fertilizer interactions, and promote plant nutrient uptake and crop yield. Water retardancy / controlled release fertilizer development direction is the envelope and into a slow / controlled release fertilizer. Water retention / controlled release fertilizer moisturizing and nutrient release control mechanism also needs to be strengthened.