目的:对新疆紫草进行性状与显微鉴别。方法:采用药材性状鉴别、横切面与粉末显微鉴别的方法。结果:新疆紫草根木栓细胞及薄壁细胞均含有紫色色素;茎中柱维管束发达,外韧型,可见形成层;叶上下表皮非腺毛众多,薄壁细胞中可见钟乳状晶体。结论:以上特征专属性强,可为新疆紫草的鉴别和资源开发利用提供依据。 OBJECTIVE: To characterize and microscopically identify Xinjiang Lithospermum. Methods: Identification of medicinal traits, cross-section and powder microscopic identification method. Results: The purple cork cells and parenchyma cells of Arnebia euchroma cristata contained purple pigment. The vascular bundle was well developed in the stem column and the outer layer was visible. The non-glandular trichomes were abundant in the upper and lower epidermis of the leaves. The bell-shaped crystals were observed in the parenchyma cells. Conclusion: The above characteristics are highly specific and can provide the basis for the identification of Lithospermum and exploitation and utilization of Lithospermum.