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在呼吸衰竭时。由于缺氧和二氧化碳潴留引起了机体一系列的病理生理改变,从而导致临床上多种并发症的发生。其中以酸碱平衡失调及电解质紊乱最常见,现就此分以下几个问题简要叙述。一、酸碱失衡的几项判定指标(详见另文)。二、四种常见酸碱失衡类型: (一)呼吸性酸中毒:主要见于肺心病急性加重期,氧疗不当或使用镇静剂后呼吸抑制。可分为二种情况: 1、代偿性呼酸:当PaCO_2升高时,HCO_s~-增加,使BHCO_3/H_2CO_3<20/1,或HCO_3~-/PaCO_2<0.6,结果导致呼吸性酸中毒。此时机体通过缓冲系统、离子交换及肾脏代偿,努力恢复BHCO_3/H_2CO_3=20/1,或HCO_3/PaCO_2=0.6,PH即恢复正常,称为代偿性呼酸。
In respiratory failure. Due to hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention caused by a series of pathophysiological changes in the body, resulting in a variety of clinical complications. One of the most common disorders of acid-base balance and electrolyte imbalance, are now divided into the following few brief description. First, several indicators of acid-base imbalance (see another article). Second, the four common types of acid-base imbalance: (A) Respiratory acidosis: mainly seen in acute exacerbation of pulmonary heart disease, oxygen therapy or use of sedatives after respiratory depression. Can be divided into two situations: 1 compensatory sour acid: when PaCO_2 increased, HCO_s ~ - increased, so BHCO_3 / H_2CO_3 <20/1, or HCO_3 ~ - / PaCO_2 <0.6, resulting in respiratory acidosis . At this point the body through the buffer system, ion exchange and kidney compensation, efforts to restore BHCO_3 / H_2CO_3 = 20/1, or HCO_3 / PaCO_2 = 0.6, PH that returned to normal, known as compensatory sour.