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目的:探讨优秀赛艇运动员赛季准备期不同训练负荷阶段血浆瘦素及其他指标的变化特点。方法:9名上海男子赛艇队优秀运动员(国家健将5人,一级运动员4人)为对象,第1~22天为低强度有氧能力训练阶段,第22~50天中低强度有氧能力训练阶段,第50~71天为中高强度有氧能力训练和无氧阈强度训练,第71~85天为赛前大强度训练阶段。每个训练阶段结束调整1天半,调整结束后次日清晨,空腹采前臂静脉血,抗凝离心分离血浆,瘦素以酶联免疫吸附法测定;采用化学发光法测定血浆睾酮和皮质醇浓度;以Roche Reflotron Plus干式生化分析仪测定血浆尿素含量和肌酸激酶活性。结果:(1)赛季准备期低强度、大运动量训练阶段(第1天至第71天),血浆瘦素浓度无显著改变,变化范围5.60~5.93 ng/ml;与第22天、第50天比较,赛前2周大强度训练阶段的第78天、第85天血浆瘦素浓度均显著下降(5.72±1.27、5.93±1.31 ng/ml vs 4.99±1.47、4.91±1.68 ng/ml,P<0.05)。(2)第1至50天,各测试时间点血尿素浓度呈升降交替变化,上量训练周的第22、50天血尿素浓度显著高于第85天(7.60±1.02、7.47±0.86 mmol/L vs 6.43±0.62 mmol/L,P<0.05)。(3)血浆肌酸激酶活性随训练强度增加,呈升高趋势。第1、15天显著低于第50、85天(161.22±83.47、181.17±87.00IU/L vs 264.67±105.42、277.11±130.65 IU/L,P<0.05)。(4)血浆睾酮浓度从第1天至第85天呈下降趋势,第1天显著高于第22、50、85天,第85天最低。血浆皮质醇浓度从第1天至第50天呈下降趋势,第50天最低;第50天至第78天又上升,第85天略下降。血浆睾酮与皮质醇比值变化趋势与睾酮近似。结论:不同训练负荷阶段空腹安静状态血浆瘦素浓度变化特点不同。低强度大运动量准备期变化幅度较小,对训练量的改变不敏感;大强度赛前训练期血浆瘦素浓度显著下降,提示瘦素对训练强度较敏感。
Objective: To investigate the characteristics of plasma leptin and other indexes of elite rowers during different training stages in the season preparation. Methods: Nine elite male athletes of Shanghai Men’s Rowing Team (including 5 national athletes and 4 first-class athletes) were selected. The first to 22nd days were low-intensity aerobic training stage, the middle-low intensity aerobic exercise on the 22nd to 50th day Ability training stage, 50 to 71 days for high-intensity aerobic capacity training and anaerobic threshold intensity training, 71 to 85 days for pre-competition intensive training phase. After the end of the training, the forearm venous blood was collected, the plasma was separated by anticoagulation and the leptin was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The concentrations of plasma testosterone and cortisol were determined by chemiluminescence The plasma urea content and creatine kinase activity were measured with a Roche Reflotron Plus dry biochemical analyzer. Results: (1) There was no significant change in plasma leptin concentration between the first and the 71st days during the training period of low intensity and large amount of exercise during the preparation period of the season, ranging from 5.60 to 5.93 ng / ml. On the 22nd and 50th days Compared with the control group, the levels of plasma leptin decreased significantly on the 78th day and the 85th day of intensive training two weeks before the race (5.72 ± 1.27, 5.93 ± 1.31 ng / ml vs 4.99 ± 1.47, 4.91 ± 1.68 ng / ml, P < 0.05). (2) From the first day to the 50th day, the concentration of blood urea showed an alternation of rising and falling at each test time. The concentration of blood urea on the 22nd and 50th day of the upper training week was significantly higher than that on the 85th day (7.60 ± 1.02, 7.47 ± 0.86 mmol / L vs 6.43 ± 0.62 mmol / L, P <0.05). (3) Plasma creatine kinase activity increased with training intensity, showing an increasing trend. Day 1 and 15 were significantly lower than those on days 50 and 85 (161.22 ± 83.47 and 181.17 ± 87.00 IU / L vs 264.67 ± 105.42 and 271.11 ± 130.65 IU / L, P <0.05). (4) The plasma testosterone concentration showed a decreasing trend from day 1 to day 85, significantly higher on the first day than on the 22th, 50th and 85th days, and the lowest on the 85th day. The plasma cortisol concentration showed a decreasing trend from day 1 to day 50, the lowest on the 50th day, the rise on the 50th day to the 78th day, and the slight decrease on the 85th day. Plasma testosterone and cortisol ratio trends and testosterone approximation. CONCLUSIONS: The changes of plasma leptin concentration in fasting and quiet state during different training load stages are different. Low-intensity large amount of exercise preparation period of change is small, the training volume changes are not sensitive; intensive exercise pre-competition plasma leptin concentration decreased significantly, suggesting that leptin is more sensitive to training intensity.