预防接种后的不良反应 (AEFI)分为感染型和非感染型两类 ,评定AEFI与预防接种的因果关系应按照二者的一致性、程度性、独异性、时间性和合理性来判断。应根据AEFI发生的原因 ,开发和采用安全疫苗接种技术 ,建立免疫程序安全注射网络。必须加强AEFI预防和处理措施 ,制定新型疫苗质量标准和规范 ,加强疫苗质量控制和管理 ,开展技术培训和监测 ,建立正常的疫苗、注射器材供应渠道和扩大预防接种的社会宣传和普及 Adverse reactions after vaccination (AEFI) is divided into two types of infection and non-infection, the assessment of causal relationship between AEFI and vaccination should be in accordance with the consistency, degree, specificity, timeliness and rationality to judge. According to the causes of AEFI, safety vaccination should be developed and adopted to establish a safety injection network for immunization programs. There is a need to strengthen AEFI prevention and treatment measures, develop new vaccine quality standards and norms, strengthen vaccine quality control and management, conduct technical training and monitoring, establish normal vaccines, injecting equipment supply channels and expand public awareness and popularization of vaccination