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目的:了解我国正常儿童听觉发育状况,为保护儿童听力提供第一手资料。方法:选择秦岭山区和青海湖周边的牧区发育正常的学龄儿童(6~12岁),实地测试纯音全频听力阈值,并以南京市正常学龄儿童作为对照,对比分析三地儿童听觉状况。结果:秦岭山区儿童男女性别间、左右耳听阈在所有测试频率处差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);青海牧区儿童男女差别主要表现在高频和扩展高频听阈,女性优于男性;南京市学龄儿童之间无性别差异。山区儿童和牧区儿童与南京市儿童相比,男性儿童高频听阈特别是扩展高频听阈明显较差,女性儿童除个别低频外没有差异。结论:我国边远乡村儿童听力状况不容忽视,尤其是男性儿童听力状况比城市儿童要严重得多,通过调查分析当地生活状况和生活习惯后认为,那里的儿童几乎没有任何机会接触到现代工业噪声和其他强噪声,造成这种状况的原因可能与当地喜欢燃放鞭炮有关,因此应加强对我国边远乡村儿童防止鞭炮噪声的教育。
Objective: To understand the normal children’s hearing development in our country and provide first-hand information for the protection of children’s hearing. Methods: The normal school-aged children (6-12 years old) in the pasturing areas around Qinling Mountains and Qinghai Lake were selected to test pure tone full-range hearing threshold. The normal children in Nanjing were used as controls to compare the hearing status of children in three places. Results: There were significant differences in hearing thresholds between male and female children in Qinling Mountains at all testing frequencies (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The difference between boys and girls in Qinghai pastoral areas was mainly at high-frequency and high-frequency hearing thresholds. Better than men; no gender differences in school-age children in Nanjing. Mountain children and pastoral children compared with children in Nanjing, male children high frequency hearing threshold, especially the expansion of high-frequency hearing threshold was significantly worse, except for a few low-frequency female children no difference. Conclusion: Listening status of remote rural children in our country can not be neglected, especially for male children. The investigation of local living conditions and living habits through surveys and surveys shows that children there rarely have any chance of exposure to modern industrial noise and Other reasons for this strong noise may be related to the fact that local people like to fire firecrackers. Therefore, it is necessary to step up education on prevention of firecrackers and noise from children in remote rural areas of our country.