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水盐代谢紊乱是临床常见电解质紊乱。随着年龄的增长以及慢性疾病影响,老年患者常常发生水盐代谢异常。了解老年患者水盐代谢的病理生理特点,对于临床医生很有必要。老年人渴觉中枢敏感性、肾脏浓缩稀释功能以及激素对水盐平衡的调节功能损害,导致老年患者易出现水盐代谢紊乱和相关合并症。临床医生需通过深入了解病史、仔细体检、结合实验室检查,系统评估水盐代谢紊乱,从而做出诊断。根据引起水盐代谢紊乱的不同原因,应该采取不同的治疗、营养支持和护理。
Water and salt metabolism disorder is a common clinical electrolyte imbalance. With age and the impact of chronic diseases, elderly patients often occur water and salt metabolism. To understand the pathophysiology of elderly patients with water and salt metabolism, it is necessary for clinicians. The senile thirst central sensitivities, renal concentration and dilution function and hormones on the regulation function of water and salt balance damage, leading to elderly patients prone to water and salt metabolism disorders and related complications. Clinicians need to understand the medical history, careful physical examination, combined with laboratory tests, systematic assessment of water and salt metabolism disorder, so as to make a diagnosis. Depending on the cause of the disorder of water and salt metabolism, different treatments, nutritional support and care should be taken.