早期改良思想家在晚清万马齐喑的氛围里,提出了众多创新理论:一、化“天下”观念为全球意识,以西方文明为改良范型;二、“国强基于国富,国富唯赖行商”;三、“惟有利而后能知义,亦惟有义而后可以获利”;四、“致富勿愚民,广学开其智”;五、倡立议院政治,恃为富强之本;六、穷变通久而道器兼备,道非即通则假器以通。推究上述观念之成因,这与早期改良思想家不仅受经世思潮的鼓荡、通商口岸的影响,而且得益于洋务运动的启迪,同时也与他们多有涉外经历和特殊阅历密切相关。 In the atmosphere of late Qing Dynasty, early reform thinkers put forward many innovative theories: First, the concept of “world” is a global awareness and Western civilization is the paradigm for improvement. Second, “Guo Qiang is based on the idea of” Third, “Only benefit and then can be righteousness, but also only righteousness and then profit ”; Fourth, “not to fool the rich, liberal learning”; Fifth, advocating House politics, The rich and powerful of this; Sixth, poor long-term changeovers and Tao both, Dao non-general rule is false. To investigate the causes of these notions is not only influenced by the prevailing trend of thought, the treaty ports of commerce, but also by the enlightenment of the Westernization Movement. It is also closely related to their many foreign experience and special experience.