论文部分内容阅读
[目的]研究氮肥减量与底施运筹对油菜产量及氮素吸收利用的影响。[方法]以“赣油杂5号”为试验材料,固定氮(N):磷(P2O5):钾(K2O)比例为1:0.5:0.5,设置氮肥减量(150kg/hm2)和推荐施氮(180kg/hm2)2个施氮水平,底施比例100%、80%和60%的不同处理,采用田间试验研究氮肥减量与底施运筹对油菜产量及氮素吸收和利用的影响。[结果]在相同氮肥底施运筹条件下,推荐施氮处理油菜株高、茎粗、主花序长、有效分枝数、单株角果数、每角粒数和生物产量均显著高于氮肥减量施肥处理;推荐施氮处理油菜籽粒产量和经济效益在中等基础肥力下均显著高于氮肥减量施肥处理,在高基础肥力下虽略高于氮肥减量施肥处理,但未达显著水平。氮肥减量施肥下氮肥利用率、氮素吸收效率、氮肥偏生产率和氮收获指数显著高于推荐施氮处理;而推荐施氮处理氮肥农学效率在中等土壤基础肥力下显著高于氮肥减量施肥处理,在高土壤基础肥力下显著低于氮肥减量施肥处理。在氮磷钾一致的基础上,N60%底施运筹处理在经济性状、产量构成性状、产量、效益和氮素吸收利用上均显著高于N80%和N100%底施运筹处理。说明合理施肥不但能够维持油菜产量,还可以减少氮肥投入,提高氮肥利用率。一定条件下油菜氮肥降低到150kg/hm2可行;N60%底施仍然是目前油菜生产最佳的氮肥推荐底施比例。[结论]该研究结果为油菜高产高效施肥提供了理论依据和技术参考。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of nitrogenous fertilizer and bottom silos on rapeseed yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization. [Method] With “GanYouza 5” as test material, the ratio of fixed nitrogen (P2O5): potassium (K2O) was 1: 0.5: 0.5 and the nitrogen decrement (150kg / hm2) Two nitrogen application rates of 180 kg / hm2 and 100%, 80% and 60% of bottom application rate were recommended. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of nitrogen and bottom operations on yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization of rape influences. [Result] The results showed that plant height, stem diameter, main inflorescence length, number of effective branches, number of pods per plant, number of grains per square and biomass per plant were all significantly higher than those under nitrogenous fertilizer The results showed that under the medium-basic fertility, the grain yield and economic benefit of the recommended nitrogen application were significantly higher than those of the nitrogenous fertilizer application, but slightly higher than the nitrogenous fertilizer application and fertilization treatment under the high basic fertility, but did not reach the significant level . Nitrogen fertilizer efficiency, nitrogen absorption efficiency, nitrogen partial yield rate and nitrogen harvest index under nitrogen fertilizer application were significantly higher than the recommended nitrogen application rate; while nitrogen application efficiency was higher under medium soil basic fertility than nitrogen fertilizer application Treatment, under high soil basic fertility was significantly lower than nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Based on the consistency of N, P and K, the N60% underfloor processing was significantly higher than the N80% and N100% underfloor processing in economic traits, yield components, yield, benefits and nitrogen uptake. This shows that rational fertilization not only can maintain rapeseed production, but also can reduce the input of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the nitrogen utilization rate. Under certain conditions, the Rapeseed nitrogen fertilizer reduced to 150kg / hm2 feasible; N60% bottom facilities are still the best rapeseed fertilizer recommended basal application ratio. [Conclusion] The results of this study provided the theoretical basis and technical reference for high yield and high efficiency fertilization of rapeseed.