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1743年,英国小说家亨利·菲尔丁(1701—1754)出版了他的《杂文集》,共三卷,其中除了他早年写的一些杂文和两个剧本外,还包括两部寓言式的作品。《从阳世到阴间的旅行》是用幻想的鬼世界来反映人间的现实。它叙述七个幽灵在冥土的旅程。其中,描写在天府门前审核旅客资格那段,十分生动地表现出菲尔丁的伦理观点。法官迈诺斯把守大门,对每个幽灵在人世间的功过加以审查。善者立即升入福境,恶者就从后门打入无底深渊,其余的则必须重回阳世,再去修炼。“这时一大群鬼魂走上前来,嚷着说他们大伙有一个共同的要求,要队长替他们传达上去。队长对法官说,他们都是在为祖国效劳的时候被人杀死的。迈诺斯本来想把他们放进门来,但是忽然起了好奇心,就问队长,谁是侵略他们的敌人。……队长回答说,他们自己就是那些侵略者;他们踏上敌人的国土,就在好几个城市里纵火,掳掠了一番。迈诺斯问道:‘那末,为的是什么原因呢?’队长回答道:‘是那个雇佣我们的人命令我们这样做的。这就是一个兵士的理性:不论命令我们做什么,我们就应该照着去做;否则就是替军队丢脸,也是对不起我们领的这份饷。’迈诺斯道:‘你们确实是些勇敢的汉子,但是现
In 1743, English novelist Henri Fielding (1701-1754) published his Essay Collection, a total of three volumes, in addition to some of his earlier essays and two scripts, but also includes two allegory works. “Traveling from the Sun to the Hell” uses the ghostly world of fantasy to reflect the real world. It describes the journey of seven ghosts in deep soil. Among them, the description of Tianfu in front of the passenger qualifications that period, very vividly displayed Fieldiday’s ethical point of view. Judge Minos guarded the door and examined the merits of each ghost in the world. The good ones immediately ascend to the blessed land, and the wicked enter the bottomless abyss from the back door. The rest must be returned to the sun, and go to practice. At this moment a large group of ghosts came up and cried out that they all had a common request that captains should convey them to them.The captain told the judges that they were all killed when they were serving the motherland. North would have liked to put them in, but all of a sudden curiosity asked the captain, who was the enemy to invade them .... The captain replied that they themselves were the aggressors, and they set foot on the enemy’s land Mythos asked, “Why, then, for what reason?” The captain replied: “It’s the one who hired us to command us to do that.” This is a soldier’s Rationality: Whatever we order, we should follow suit; otherwise, we will lose face to the army and I am sorry for the rate we owed. ’Minos said:’ You are indeed a brave man, but now