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目的分析睡眠呼吸暂停相关性高血压患者的临床特点、性别与年龄分布及其合并症情况。方法采用回顾性研究方法,分析2004-01-2010-03收住新疆自治区人民医院高血压科的高血压患者1976例的临床资料,根据多导睡眠仪监测结果分为单纯高血压患者386例为Ⅰ组,高血压合并轻度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAHS)患者581例为Ⅱ组,高血压合并中度OSAHS患者458例为Ⅲ组,高血压合并重度OSAHS患者551例为Ⅳ组,对4组患者的临床特点、性别、年龄分布及其合并症情况分析。结果与Ⅳ组比较,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组腰围[(95.1±9.5)、(98.5±9.3)、(100.1±8.7)比(103.5±9.8)cm]、体质量指数[(26.8±3.0)、(27.6±3.2)、(28.8±3.4)比(29.3±3.4)kg/m2]、收缩压[(143.1±18.3)、(142.6±18.0)、(142.9±17.7)比(145.8±18.6)mmHg]、舒张压[(94.7±12.5)、(93.7±11.4)、(94.1±11.6)比(96.9±12.9)mmHg]较低(均P<0.05);1976例患者中,男性OSAHS相关性高血压患者检出率为83.3%(1239/1487),女性检出率为71.8%(351/489),差异有统计学意义(χ2=31.139,P<0.01),60～70岁住院的男性和女性高血压患者检出率最高,分别达94.7%、90.8%。青年、中年及老年人的构成比分别为39.8%、46.3%和13.8%,超重和肥胖者比例达92.4%。与Ⅳ组比较,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组冠状动脉性心脏病、脑血管病和脂肪肝检出率较低(P<0.01)。结论睡眠呼吸暂停相关性高血压患者以中年男性、肥胖者为多,60～70岁年龄段检出率较高,尤其重度组合并有多种心脑血管疾病,临床危害较大。
Objective To analyze the clinical features, gender and age distribution and complications of sleep apnea-related hypertension. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 1976 hypertensive patients admitted to the People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2004 to October 2010. According to the results of polysomnography, 386 hypertensive patients In group Ⅰ, 581 patients with hypertension and mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAHS) were Group Ⅱ, 458 patients with hypertension and moderate OSAHS were Group Ⅲ, 551 patients with hypertension and severe OSAHS were Group Ⅳ, The clinical features, gender, age distribution and complications of the four groups were analyzed. Results Compared with group Ⅳ, the waist circumference in group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were (95.1 ± 9.5), (98.5 ± 9.3), (100.1 ± 8.7) and (103.5 ± 9.8) cm, respectively, and the body mass index [(26.8 ± 3.0) ), Systolic blood pressure (143.1 ± 18.3), (142.6 ± 18.0), (142.9 ± 17.7), (145.8 ± 18.6), (27.6 ± 3.2) and (28.8 ± 3.4) mmHg], diastolic blood pressure (94.7 ± 12.5), (93.7 ± 11.4), (94.1 ± 11.6) and (96.9 ± 12.9) mmHg were lower (all P <0.05) The detection rate of blood pressure was 83.3% (1239/1487), and the detection rate was 71.8% (351/489) in women. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 31.139, P <0.01) The highest detection rate of female patients with hypertension, respectively 94.7%, 90.8%. The proportions of youth, middle-aged and elderly people were 39.8%, 46.3% and 13.8%, respectively, and the proportion of overweight and obese people was 92.4%. Compared with group Ⅳ, the detection rates of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and fatty liver were lower in Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups (P <0.01). Conclusions Sleep apnea-related hypertensive patients are mostly middle-aged men and obese people, with a high detection rate in the 60-70 age group, especially severe combination of multiple cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, with a greater clinical risk.