近来已普遍认识到,作综合分析时,仅限于心脏及外周血液动力学状态是不够的,还必须查明血液及其有形成份流动的性质与变形的特点,并了解它们和血液循环系统机能参数、身体工作能力之间的关系。文献报导,经过长期系统训练的运动员,其血液流动性高于非运动员,肌肉的负荷训练可导致血液与血浆粘度下降颇大,同时也改善了红血球的变形能力。在微循环中,血流的灌注效率,在很大程度上,依赖红细胞在一定剪切力下的变形能力,而这种变形能力与组织的氧气供应密切有关。这些流变学的改变,是机体对肌肉活动的适应机制之一。全血、血浆的粘度下降及红血球变形能力的提高,将有助于减少心脏泵血能量的损耗,也就相应地提高了机体循环系统的效率,表现为运动员体内血液动力学的经济性。 It has recently been widely recognized that limited to the heart and peripheral hemodynamic status in a comprehensive analysis is not enough. It is also necessary to ascertain the nature of the flow of the blood and its components and the characteristics of the deformation and to understand their relationship with the functional parameters of the circulatory system , The relationship between the body’s ability to work. Reported in the literature, after long-term systematic training of athletes, the blood flow is higher than non-athletes, muscle load training can lead to considerable decline in blood and plasma viscosity, but also improve the ability of the deformation of red blood cells. In the microcirculation, the perfusion efficiency of blood flow largely depends on the ability of erythrocytes to deform under a certain shear force, which is closely related to the tissue oxygen supply. These rheological changes, the body’s adaptation to muscle activity, one of the mechanisms. The decrease of whole blood, the viscosity of plasma and the improvement of erythrocyte deformability will help to reduce the loss of cardiac pump energy, which in turn will increase the efficiency of the circulatory system of the body, which is manifested as the hemodynamics economy of athletes.