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安乐死从一开始出现就一直备受争议。随着人类社会的科技、经济、文化的发展,人类的死亡观念也发生了重大变化,在世界范围内,许多国家对待安乐死已从过去的禁止、反对,逐步转变为立法管理。安乐死涉及伦理学、医学、法学、社会学、心理学等学科,牵涉医生、病人、家庭、社会等方面的关系,在我国由于安乐死在法律上没有明确规定合法化,一些医院或绝症患者只能采取“自然死亡法”即停止治疗,这实质上就是采取消极安乐死,而此举并不受反对,但对患者造成了痛苦与折磨,对社会和亲属造成了经济和精神上的负担。现代文明社会应尊重患者的生命权与个人选择自由,对患者以临终关怀。安乐死有其法理上的立法依据,安乐死的实施从刑法角度分析也是不具有社会危害性的行为。法律不应回避安乐死,安乐死应该有自己合法的地位。本文拟从安乐死的立法建议,安乐死的立法设想,安乐死的形式和实施方法,安乐死的实施程序,以及安乐死的法律责任等进行阐述。
Euthanasia has been the subject of controversy since its inception. With the development of science and technology, economy and culture in human society, great changes have taken place in the concept of human death. In many countries, euthanasia has been changed from prohibition and objection in the past to legislative management in the world. Euthanasia involves ethics, medicine, law, sociology, psychology and other disciplines involving doctors, patients, families, society and other aspects of the relationship between euthanasia in our country because there is no legal legally defined, some hospitals or terminally ill patients can only To adopt “the law of natural death” means to stop treatment. In essence, it is to adopt negative euthanasia, and the move is not opposed to it. However, it causes pain and suffering to the patients and causes economic and psychological burdens on the society and relatives. Modern civilized society should respect the patient’s right to life and personal freedom of choice, hospice care for patients. Euthanasia has its legal basis for legislation, the implementation of euthanasia from the perspective of criminal law is also not a socially harmful behavior. Law should not evade euthanasia, euthanasia should have its own legal status. This essay elaborates from the euthanasia legislation suggestion, euthanasia legislative enlightenment, euthanasia form and implementation method, euthanasia implementation procedure, and euthanasia legal liability and so on.