膀胱肿瘤是泌尿生殖系最常见的肿瘤之一，其中９０％以上为移行细胞癌。临床工作中膀胱镜检查及活检病理是诊断膀胱癌的“金标准”，却给病人带来较大的痛苦。至今非侵入性检查只限于尿液脱落细胞病理检查及流式细胞仪检查。这些方法通常对高、中度分化的肿瘤不够敏感，而且须? Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers of the genitourinary system, of which more than 90% are transitional cell carcinomas. Cystoscopy and biopsy pathology in clinical work is the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of bladder cancer, but to patients with greater pain. So far non-invasive examination is limited to urine exfoliative cytopathology and flow cytometry. These methods are usually not sensitive to high and moderately differentiated tumors, and must?