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学界关于湛若水与陈白沙思想关联的历史评定大多在“白沙宗子”与“出入有间”之间犹疑不定。本文则另辟蹊径,主要选取湛若水在白沙身后所作对白沙学旨的描述和体现其整体认识的祭文、碑铭等作为考察对象,通过内在的文本分析以及其间细密关节与具体分殊的扣问,揭示天理之学与自然之旨的互动与融合、继承与创新,从学问主旨与整体精神来把握二人思想的关系。可以看出,湛若水对自身学问归属有着自觉、深刻的认识,并通过对“天理”、“中正”与“自然”的融通在理论上建构起与白沙之学的实质学承,使之接续上孔孟学脉,从而建基于更加广阔深厚的儒学传统的土壤中。
The historical assessment of the relationship between Zhan Ruoshui and Chen Baisha is mostly hesitant between the “White Sands” and “the”. This article is another way, mainly selected Zhan Ruosha Baisha in the sand behind the description of its purpose and reflects the overall understanding of the rituals, inscriptions and so on as the object of investigation, through the text of the internal analysis and during which the fine joints and the specific deduction, revealed The interaction and fusion of the theory of nature and the nature, the inheritance and innovation, and the relationship between the two thoughts from the essence of the learning and the spirit of the whole. It can be seen that Zhan Ruoshui has a conscious and profound understanding of the ownership of his own knowledge and constructs the essence of the theory of white sand in theory through the blending of “heavenly”, “Zhongzheng” and “natural” Learning bearing, so that the continuation of Confucianism and Confucianism, so as to build a broader and deeper Confucianism in the soil.