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with复合结构是高中阶段的一个重要语法知识，也是学生学习的难点。其构成是由“with + 名词/代词+ adj. /adv./ prep. /phrase /doing/ done/ to do.”,在此结构中的名词或代词充当逻辑主语，而后面的形容词/副词/分词等充当逻辑谓语，整个结构可在句中充当定语、状语等，表示状态或说明背景。正确使用此结构可以使句子显得简洁、明了。下面就此结构的构成和用法小结如下：
1. with + O. + 介词短语
She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides. 她看见了一条两岸长着红花和绿草的小溪。(作定语)
We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall. 我们坐在干草上，背靠着墙。（作状语）
His wife came down the stairs, with her one-year-old son in her arms. 他的妻子下了楼，怀里抱着一岁的儿子。（作状语）
We human being could not survive without all the plants and animals around us. 没有周围的动物和植物，我们人类就没法生存。（作状语）
2. with + O. + 过去分词
News reporters say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached. 新闻记者说由于没有达成协议，和谈失败了。
The meeting ended with nothing settled. 会议没有解决什么问题就结束了。
All the afternoon he worked with the door closed. 整个下午他关着门工作。
He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
3. with + O. + 现在分词
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 由于我妈妈生病，我不能去度假。
With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.随着冬天的来临，该买暖和的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 灯还亮着，他很快就睡着了。
You could see him with his arms sticking out. 你去看看他，他的胳膊伸在外面。
She looked in my face with tears streaming down her face. 她泪流满脸地看着我。
4. with + O. + 动词不定式
With her to help me, I feel quite at ease. 她要帮我，我感到很愉快。
They started off late and go to the airport with minutes to spare.他们出发迟了，到机场只有几分钟时间。
With all his work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out.由于要做完所有的工作，我不知道是否有时间出去。
With John to come, we’ll have four guests today. 约翰要来，我们今天就有四个客人。
5. with + O. + 副词或形容词
Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 安德森穿着衣服睡着了。
She followed him with her head down. 她低着头跟在他的后面。
What a lonely world it will be with you away! 如果你走了，世界是多么寂寞啊！
He wore a shirt with the neck open. 他穿着衬衣，脖子露着。
Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里吃着东西时不要说话。
注意: 在此复合结构中，根据句意不同，我们也可以把with 改为without。例如：
For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree in sight. 在我周围数英里处是一片沙漠，看不见任何植物和树木。
Without a word more spoken, he left the room. 她再也没说一句话就离开了房间。
巩固练习
1. The murder was brought in, with his hands_______ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied
C. to be tied D. tied
2. With a lot of problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling
C. to settle D. being settled
3. I couldn’t do my homework with all the noise _______.
A. going on B. goes on
C. went on D. to go on
4. _______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A. With B. Besides
C. As for D. Because of
5. It was a pity that the famous painter died _______ his painting unfinished.
A. of B. with
C. from D. for
6. The school looks more beautiful with a large number of tall trees _______ it.
A. surround B. to surround
C. surrounded D. surrounding
7. Zhou Kai headed toward the door without a jacket _______.
A. wearing B. having
C. putting D. on
参考答案： 1. D2. C3. A4. A5. B6. C7. D
[作者单位: 陕西省洋县中学]
责任编辑：李俊
1. with + O. + 介词短语
She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides. 她看见了一条两岸长着红花和绿草的小溪。(作定语)
We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall. 我们坐在干草上，背靠着墙。（作状语）
His wife came down the stairs, with her one-year-old son in her arms. 他的妻子下了楼，怀里抱着一岁的儿子。（作状语）
We human being could not survive without all the plants and animals around us. 没有周围的动物和植物，我们人类就没法生存。（作状语）
2. with + O. + 过去分词
News reporters say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached. 新闻记者说由于没有达成协议，和谈失败了。
The meeting ended with nothing settled. 会议没有解决什么问题就结束了。
All the afternoon he worked with the door closed. 整个下午他关着门工作。
He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
3. with + O. + 现在分词
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 由于我妈妈生病，我不能去度假。
With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.随着冬天的来临，该买暖和的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 灯还亮着，他很快就睡着了。
You could see him with his arms sticking out. 你去看看他，他的胳膊伸在外面。
She looked in my face with tears streaming down her face. 她泪流满脸地看着我。
4. with + O. + 动词不定式
With her to help me, I feel quite at ease. 她要帮我，我感到很愉快。
They started off late and go to the airport with minutes to spare.他们出发迟了，到机场只有几分钟时间。
With all his work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out.由于要做完所有的工作，我不知道是否有时间出去。
With John to come, we’ll have four guests today. 约翰要来，我们今天就有四个客人。
5. with + O. + 副词或形容词
Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 安德森穿着衣服睡着了。
She followed him with her head down. 她低着头跟在他的后面。
What a lonely world it will be with you away! 如果你走了，世界是多么寂寞啊！
He wore a shirt with the neck open. 他穿着衬衣，脖子露着。
Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里吃着东西时不要说话。
注意: 在此复合结构中，根据句意不同，我们也可以把with 改为without。例如：
For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree in sight. 在我周围数英里处是一片沙漠，看不见任何植物和树木。
Without a word more spoken, he left the room. 她再也没说一句话就离开了房间。
巩固练习
1. The murder was brought in, with his hands_______ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied
C. to be tied D. tied
2. With a lot of problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling
C. to settle D. being settled
3. I couldn’t do my homework with all the noise _______.
A. going on B. goes on
C. went on D. to go on
4. _______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A. With B. Besides
C. As for D. Because of
5. It was a pity that the famous painter died _______ his painting unfinished.
A. of B. with
C. from D. for
6. The school looks more beautiful with a large number of tall trees _______ it.
A. surround B. to surround
C. surrounded D. surrounding
7. Zhou Kai headed toward the door without a jacket _______.
A. wearing B. having
C. putting D. on
参考答案： 1. D2. C3. A4. A5. B6. C7. D
[作者单位: 陕西省洋县中学]
责任编辑：李俊