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情态动词常可用于表示种种语气,它能主动地表达一个人对某一动作或状态的态度｡对这一点的考查近年来成为热点,现就此点归纳如下:
1. shall用于陈述句中二､三人称中,表示命令､许诺､警告､规定､威胁､决心等｡例如:
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 我明天可以答复你｡(允诺)
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 我跟你说,他总有一天会后悔的｡(警告)
You shall do as I tell you. 你必须照我说的去做｡(命令或吩咐)
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan. 没有什么可以阻止我们执行这个计划｡(决心)
He shall not go. 他不能去｡(规定)
2. must用于指(干嘛)偏要,硬要(指做令人不快的事)等语气｡例如:
The car must break down just when we were about to start off.我们正要出发车子偏偏坏了｡
Must you shout so loudly?你干吗嚷得那么大声?
3. can可用来表示惊异､怀疑､不相信等语气(主要用于否定句､疑问句或惊叹句中)｡例如:
Can this be an excuse for not giving them help?这难道能成为你不帮他们的理由吗?
No, no, this can’t be true. 不,不,这不可能是事实｡
How can you be so careless!你怎么这样粗心!
Where on earth could you go yesterday?你昨天到底到哪儿去了?(惊异)
4. may可以用于祈使句,表示祝愿｡例如:
May we never forget each other. 愿我们彼此永不相忘｡
May you return in safety. 愿你平安归来｡
May you both be happy! 祝你俩快乐!(祝愿)
5. should可表示惊奇､怀疑､不满等情绪,用于从句中作“竟然”解,此时should不能省略｡这一点是近年高考的热点｡
It is a great pity that he should be so careless.真遗憾,他如此粗心｡
It’s strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcoming. 真奇怪她竟然看不到自己的缺点｡
should可用在expect, think, believe等词后的宾语从句中,表示惊奇､怀疑､不满等情绪｡
I never expect that you should have come here.我真的没想到你也会到这儿来｡
should还可以用于主语为第一人称的句子中表示说话人的谦逊､客气和委婉;用于二､三人称时也可以表示惊讶､埋怨等感情色彩;还可以用于if条件句中表示可能性,意思是“万一､要是”｡例如:
I should advise you not to do it.我还是建议你不要那样做｡(语气比较委婉,而非强制､命令)
Who should come to see you when you are in trouble!当你困难的时候又有谁会来看你呢! (表示埋怨)
If you should change your mind, please let me know. 要是你改变了想法,请告诉我｡ (should表示一种假设或可能性)
在lest, for fear that, in case(以免,以防)引起的从句中,其谓语用should+动词原形｡
Be quiet in case you should wake the baby.小声点以免吵醒小宝宝｡
6. 情态动词加动词不定式的完成式可用于表示对已发生事情的推测､责怪､后悔､遗憾等｡
1) should have done/ought to have done本该做而没有做(对已发生事情的批评､责怪)｡例如:
You should have told me the news earlier. (You didn’t tell me earlier.)这个消息你本应该早一点告诉我｡
He ought to have looked after the child at home. (He didn’t look after the child.)他本应该在家照顾孩子｡
2) shouldn’t have done / oughtn’t to have done本不该做但是做了(对已发生事情的批评､责怪)｡例如:
He shouldn’t have worked so hard. (He worked too hard.) 他本不该如此卖力工作｡
You oughtn’t to have talked too much to them at the party. (You talked too much.)在晚会上你本不该跟他们谈得那么多｡
3) needn’t have done本不必做但是做了(对已发生事情的批评､责怪)｡例如:
You needn’t have bought such an expensive watch for her.(You bought it for her.)你本来没有必要为她买这么贵的手表｡
4) could have done本可能做而没能做(对已发生事情的后悔､遗憾)｡例如:
It wasn’t a long way. We could have walked there. (We didn’t walk there.)路并不远,我们本可以步行到那儿的｡
例1: How__________you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? (2003上海)
A. can
B. must
C. need
D. may
解析: 答案为A｡can可用于否定句､疑问句中表示惊异､怀疑､不相信的态度,此处can表示不高兴､不满的情绪｡
例2: You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman__________be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)
A. might
B. need
C. should
D. would
解析: 答案为C｡should在此处表示出人意料的语气,刚好与can’t imagine的语气吻合｡
例3: —Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
__________ —You__________have my computer if you don’t take care of it. (2004湖南)
A. shan’t
B. might not
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
解析: 答案为A｡shall在此处表示的是否定意义的强制要求,即不好好用就不给你用｡
例4: John, look at the time.__________you play the piano at such a late hour? (2005全国Ⅰ)
A. Must
B. Can
C. May
D. Need
解析: 答案为A｡must在此处显示出作者的不快,意义为“难道非要”｡
例5: —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You__________it. I could manage it myelf. (2005福建)
A. needn’t do
B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do
D. shouldn’t have done
解析: 答案为B｡Thanks及I could manage it myself.暗示的时间是过去,且应是不必做某事;而D项意为本不应该做某事而做了,不合题意｡
【即时巩固练习】
1. Mr. Bush is on time for everything.
How__________it be that he was late for opening ceremony? (2001上海)
A. can
B. should
C. may
D. must
2. —Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock.__________I go out and play with Tom for a while?
—No I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now. (2001上海)
A. Can’t
B. Wouldn’t
C. Way not__________
D. Won’t
3. Tom, you__________leave all your clothes on the floor like this! (2005全国I)
A. wouldn’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. may not
4. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter__________go and do the opposite! (2003上海春)
A. may
B. can
C. must
D. should
5. —I’ll tell Mary about her job tomorrow.
—You__________her last week. (2004福建)
A. ought to tell
B. would have told
C. must tell
D. should have told
6. Mr. White__________at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. (2004广西)
A. should have arrived
B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving
7. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I__________so much fried chicken just now. (2002上海春)
A. shouldn’t eat
B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten
D. mustn’t eat
8. I was really anxious about you.You__________home without a word. (2001全国33)
A. shouldn’t go
B. mustn’t have gone
C. shouldn’t have gone
D. mustn’t go
9. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I__________the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (2006江西)
A. should have taken
B. could have taken
C. needn’t have taken
D. mustn’t have taken
10. It has been announced that candidates__________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can
B. will
C. may
D. shall
11. “The interest__________be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.
A. may
B. should
C. must
D. shall
12. You__________use my bike on condition that you give it to me before I leave here.
A. should
B. must
C. ought to
D. shall
13. You can’t imagine that a top student__________ have failed in the college entrance examination.
A. might
B. need
C. should
D. would
14.Kate, look at the time.__________we play the piano at such a late hour tonight?
A. Can
B. May
C. Must
D. Need
15. Football, as is known to the world,__________ be exciting and inviting!
A. should
B. might
C. can
D. will
16. We__________for her because she never came.
A. needn’t wait
B. mustn’t have waited
C. shouldn’t have waited
D. can’t have waited
Keys: 1. A2. A3. B4. C5. D6. A7. C8. C9. C10. D11. D12. D13. C14. C15. C16. C
1. shall用于陈述句中二､三人称中,表示命令､许诺､警告､规定､威胁､决心等｡例如:
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 我明天可以答复你｡(允诺)
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 我跟你说,他总有一天会后悔的｡(警告)
You shall do as I tell you. 你必须照我说的去做｡(命令或吩咐)
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan. 没有什么可以阻止我们执行这个计划｡(决心)
He shall not go. 他不能去｡(规定)
2. must用于指(干嘛)偏要,硬要(指做令人不快的事)等语气｡例如:
The car must break down just when we were about to start off.我们正要出发车子偏偏坏了｡
Must you shout so loudly?你干吗嚷得那么大声?
3. can可用来表示惊异､怀疑､不相信等语气(主要用于否定句､疑问句或惊叹句中)｡例如:
Can this be an excuse for not giving them help?这难道能成为你不帮他们的理由吗?
No, no, this can’t be true. 不,不,这不可能是事实｡
How can you be so careless!你怎么这样粗心!
Where on earth could you go yesterday?你昨天到底到哪儿去了?(惊异)
4. may可以用于祈使句,表示祝愿｡例如:
May we never forget each other. 愿我们彼此永不相忘｡
May you return in safety. 愿你平安归来｡
May you both be happy! 祝你俩快乐!(祝愿)
5. should可表示惊奇､怀疑､不满等情绪,用于从句中作“竟然”解,此时should不能省略｡这一点是近年高考的热点｡
It is a great pity that he should be so careless.真遗憾,他如此粗心｡
It’s strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcoming. 真奇怪她竟然看不到自己的缺点｡
should可用在expect, think, believe等词后的宾语从句中,表示惊奇､怀疑､不满等情绪｡
I never expect that you should have come here.我真的没想到你也会到这儿来｡
should还可以用于主语为第一人称的句子中表示说话人的谦逊､客气和委婉;用于二､三人称时也可以表示惊讶､埋怨等感情色彩;还可以用于if条件句中表示可能性,意思是“万一､要是”｡例如:
I should advise you not to do it.我还是建议你不要那样做｡(语气比较委婉,而非强制､命令)
Who should come to see you when you are in trouble!当你困难的时候又有谁会来看你呢! (表示埋怨)
If you should change your mind, please let me know. 要是你改变了想法,请告诉我｡ (should表示一种假设或可能性)
在lest, for fear that, in case(以免,以防)引起的从句中,其谓语用should+动词原形｡
Be quiet in case you should wake the baby.小声点以免吵醒小宝宝｡
6. 情态动词加动词不定式的完成式可用于表示对已发生事情的推测､责怪､后悔､遗憾等｡
1) should have done/ought to have done本该做而没有做(对已发生事情的批评､责怪)｡例如:
You should have told me the news earlier. (You didn’t tell me earlier.)这个消息你本应该早一点告诉我｡
He ought to have looked after the child at home. (He didn’t look after the child.)他本应该在家照顾孩子｡
2) shouldn’t have done / oughtn’t to have done本不该做但是做了(对已发生事情的批评､责怪)｡例如:
He shouldn’t have worked so hard. (He worked too hard.) 他本不该如此卖力工作｡
You oughtn’t to have talked too much to them at the party. (You talked too much.)在晚会上你本不该跟他们谈得那么多｡
3) needn’t have done本不必做但是做了(对已发生事情的批评､责怪)｡例如:
You needn’t have bought such an expensive watch for her.(You bought it for her.)你本来没有必要为她买这么贵的手表｡
4) could have done本可能做而没能做(对已发生事情的后悔､遗憾)｡例如:
It wasn’t a long way. We could have walked there. (We didn’t walk there.)路并不远,我们本可以步行到那儿的｡
例1: How__________you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? (2003上海)
A. can
B. must
C. need
D. may
解析: 答案为A｡can可用于否定句､疑问句中表示惊异､怀疑､不相信的态度,此处can表示不高兴､不满的情绪｡
例2: You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman__________be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)
A. might
B. need
C. should
D. would
解析: 答案为C｡should在此处表示出人意料的语气,刚好与can’t imagine的语气吻合｡
例3: —Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
__________ —You__________have my computer if you don’t take care of it. (2004湖南)
A. shan’t
B. might not
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
解析: 答案为A｡shall在此处表示的是否定意义的强制要求,即不好好用就不给你用｡
例4: John, look at the time.__________you play the piano at such a late hour? (2005全国Ⅰ)
A. Must
B. Can
C. May
D. Need
解析: 答案为A｡must在此处显示出作者的不快,意义为“难道非要”｡
例5: —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You__________it. I could manage it myelf. (2005福建)
A. needn’t do
B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do
D. shouldn’t have done
解析: 答案为B｡Thanks及I could manage it myself.暗示的时间是过去,且应是不必做某事;而D项意为本不应该做某事而做了,不合题意｡
【即时巩固练习】
1. Mr. Bush is on time for everything.
How__________it be that he was late for opening ceremony? (2001上海)
A. can
B. should
C. may
D. must
2. —Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock.__________I go out and play with Tom for a while?
—No I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now. (2001上海)
A. Can’t
B. Wouldn’t
C. Way not__________
D. Won’t
3. Tom, you__________leave all your clothes on the floor like this! (2005全国I)
A. wouldn’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. may not
4. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter__________go and do the opposite! (2003上海春)
A. may
B. can
C. must
D. should
5. —I’ll tell Mary about her job tomorrow.
—You__________her last week. (2004福建)
A. ought to tell
B. would have told
C. must tell
D. should have told
6. Mr. White__________at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. (2004广西)
A. should have arrived
B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving
7. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I__________so much fried chicken just now. (2002上海春)
A. shouldn’t eat
B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten
D. mustn’t eat
8. I was really anxious about you.You__________home without a word. (2001全国33)
A. shouldn’t go
B. mustn’t have gone
C. shouldn’t have gone
D. mustn’t go
9. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I__________the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (2006江西)
A. should have taken
B. could have taken
C. needn’t have taken
D. mustn’t have taken
10. It has been announced that candidates__________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can
B. will
C. may
D. shall
11. “The interest__________be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.
A. may
B. should
C. must
D. shall
12. You__________use my bike on condition that you give it to me before I leave here.
A. should
B. must
C. ought to
D. shall
13. You can’t imagine that a top student__________ have failed in the college entrance examination.
A. might
B. need
C. should
D. would
14.Kate, look at the time.__________we play the piano at such a late hour tonight?
A. Can
B. May
C. Must
D. Need
15. Football, as is known to the world,__________ be exciting and inviting!
A. should
B. might
C. can
D. will
16. We__________for her because she never came.
A. needn’t wait
B. mustn’t have waited
C. shouldn’t have waited
D. can’t have waited
Keys: 1. A2. A3. B4. C5. D6. A7. C8. C9. C10. D11. D12. D13. C14. C15. C16. C