民事诉讼举证责任的分担规则包括一般规则和特殊规则。一般规则是民事诉讼中最常用的,其中“主张者举证”是最基本的分担规则,而理论上通用的举证规则则是法律要件事实分类说。特殊规则仅适用于特殊性质的民事案件,是对一般规则的必要补充,它包括举证责任倒置规则公平和诚实信用规则。 The burden-sharing rules of civil litigation include general rules and special rules. The general rules are the most commonly used in civil litigation. Among them, the “propositional burden of proof” is the most basic sharing rule, while the theoretically common proof rule is the factual classification of legal elements. Special rules apply only to civil cases of a particular nature and are necessary supplements to general rules, which include rules of fairness and good faith in the inversion of the burden of proof.