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为探讨在中国西部推广种植冬油菜的生态效益,以河西走廊4月份的冬油菜、冬小麦、麦茬和春播4种农田地表进行风洞模拟研究.结果表明:冬油菜具有显著的抗风蚀效果,其地表粗糙度可达4.08cm,起动风速高达14m·s-1,而且在相同试验条件下,其风蚀模数和输沙率分别是春播农田的4.1%和485%,其土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾及土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、转化酶活性和微生物数量等的流失量也仅分别是春播农田的1.4%、5.1%、1.6%、2.7%、9.7%、3.6%、6.3%、6.7%和1.5%.因此,在地表风蚀的我国西部地区研发、推广种植冬油菜,可有效防治农田土壤风蚀,蓄水保肥,并可增加复种指数和经济效益,具有防治土地沙漠化、改善区域生态环境的作用.
In order to explore the ecological benefits of popularizing winter rapeseed in west China, wind tunnel simulation was conducted on four types of farmland including winter rape, winter wheat, wheat stubble and spring sowing in Hexi Corridor in April. The results showed that winter rape had significant wind erosion resistance effects, The surface roughness is up to 4.08cm and the wind speed is up to 14m · s-1. Under the same experimental conditions, the erosion modulus and sediment transport rate are 4.1% and 485% of those in spring sowing respectively. The contents of soil organic matter, , Available phosphorus, available potassium and soil catalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, invertase activity and the amount of microorganisms were only 1.4%, 5.1%, 1.6%, 2.7%, 9.7% %, 3.6%, 6.3%, 6.7% and 1.5% respectively.Therefore, developing and popularizing winter rapeseed in the western area of our country with surface wind erosion can effectively prevent and treat wind erosion, water and fertilizer in farmland and increase the multiple cropping index and economic benefits , With the prevention and control of desertification and improve the role of regional ecological environment.