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乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(Acetyl-CoA carboxylase,ACCase)在微生物生长和脂肪酸合成代谢中发挥着重要作用。本文系统介绍了微生物ACCase的分类、结构与功能、代谢作用和抑制剂研究等方面的进展。微生物ACCase类型主要分为真核型(同质型)和原核型(异质型)两大类,分别以酿酒酵母ACCase和大肠埃希菌ACCase为代表。结构与功能研究主要集中在对异质型ACCase的BC和CT亚基的晶体学、作用位点等方面。许多研究表明ACCase在微生物的生长和脂肪酸合成中发挥着关键作用,ACCase活性减弱和丧失会导致菌体生长减缓或无法存活,脂肪酸的合成也明显减弱。面对临床上越来越多的抗药菌,以微生物ACCase及其亚基作为抗生素筛选靶标,成为筛选和合成新抗生素的重要方向,目前已取得一定进展。
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) plays an important role in microbial growth and fatty acid anabolism. This article systematically introduced the classification, structure and function of microbial ACCase, metabolism and inhibitor research progress. Microbial ACCase types are mainly divided into eukaryotic (homogeneous) and prokaryotic (heterogeneous) two categories, respectively, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ACCase and Escherichia coli ACCase represented. Structure and function of the study focused on the heterogeneous type of ACCase BC and CT subunit crystallography, site of action and so on. Many studies have shown that ACCase plays a key role in the growth of microorganisms and in the synthesis of fatty acids. The decrease and loss of ACCase activity leads to the slow or ineffective growth of mycelia, and the decreased synthesis of fatty acids. In the face of more and more clinical drug-resistant bacteria, microbial ACCase and its subunit as the screening target of antibiotics become an important direction for screening and synthesizing new antibiotics. At present, some progress has been made.