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为了研究如何提高黄淮海地区秸秆综合利用率的问题,综述了国内外近20年的关于秸秆处理的方法与综合利用的途径,发现作物秸秆具有阶段性过剩和存在空间不均衡的特点,而对作物秸秆运输和储藏成本较高,秸秆的分级、分类和转化技术的相对落后,限制了黄淮海地区作物秸秆的综合利用,造成了秸秆废弃物资源利用率低的现状。鉴于此,进行了黄淮海地区秸秆的中转途径的探讨,即建立“农田—中转站—工厂/农户”的中转站模式,连接秸秆从农田到工厂或农户的过程,在中转站中对秸秆进行预处理和粗加工,既可以减少秸秆的焚烧,促进秸秆的适量还田,使秸秆资源化利用的程度提高,又从一定程度上解决了秸秆在时间和空间分布不均衡的问题。但对于中转模式和国家匹配政策方面的研究还存在不足,优化中转模式与当前的农业生产形势和经营方式的关系有待进一步研究。
In order to study how to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of straw in Huang-Huai-Hai region, the methods of straw treatment and its comprehensive utilization in recent 20 years both at home and abroad were summarized. It was found that crop straw had periodical surplus and uneven space, The higher transportation and storage costs of crop straws, the relative backwardness of stratification, classification and transformation technology of straws limit the comprehensive utilization of crop straws in Huang-Huai-Hai region, resulting in the low utilization rate of straw waste. In view of this, we discussed the ways of transferring stalks in Huang-Huai-Hai region, that is, establishing a transit station mode of “farmland-transfer station-factory / farmer” to connect the straw from farmland to factory or farmer. Straw pretreatment and roughing can not only reduce the incineration of straw and promote the proper amount of straw, but also increase the degree of utilization of straw, and to a certain extent, solve the problem of unbalanced distribution of straw in time and space. However, there are still some shortcomings in the study of transit mode and national matching policy. The relationship between the optimized transit mode and current agricultural production situation and mode of operation needs to be further studied.