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最早进行产业革命、实现资本主义工业化的英国到十八世纪末至十九世纪初,在兰开夏、伦敦、格拉斯哥、伯明翰、曼彻斯特等地的许多工业部门里都相继建立了工会组织。这些工会组织曾经领导工人群众进行了一系列的反对资本压迫的斗争,并在1837、1848年形成了宪章运动——被列宁称之为“世界上第一次广泛的、真正群众性的、政治性的无产阶级革命运动”。马克思、恩格斯曾因此设想英国是最早实现无产阶级革命的国家。但是,在宪章运动之后,英国工人运动被贵族化的工人领袖引上了工联主义道路,马克思、恩格斯的期望不曾实现。因此,探讨英国工人贵族阶层的形成,在国际工人运动史上是具有教育意义的。
The Earliest Industrial Revolution and Industrialization of Capitalism By the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the United Kingdom set up labor unions in many industrial sectors including Lancashire, London, Glasgow, Birmingham and Manchester. These trade unions once led the masses of workers in a series of struggles against capital oppression and in 1837 and 1848 formed a charter movement-what Lenin called “the world’s first broad-based, truly mass, political Sexual proletarian revolutionary movement. ” Marx and Engels therefore assumed that Britain was the earliest country to realize the proletarian revolution. However, after the Charter Movement, the British workers ’movement was led by the aristocratic workers’ leaders on the road to unionism, and the expectations of Marx and Engels were never realized. Therefore, it is instructive to explore the formation of British aristocracy in the history of international workers’ movement.