论文部分内容阅读
旱地玉米免耕整秸秆半覆盖三年多点试验的结果表明：免耕覆盖的比传统耕作增产１３．５％—１９０．９％，平均增产３０．９％。增产的主要原因是秸秆覆盖。免耕覆盖主要配套技术是：整秸秆半覆盖，每亩覆盖干秸秆５００—１０００公斤，化学除草，采用免耕覆盖播种机，免耕３—４年。免耕覆盖可提高土壤含水量１—４个百分点，提高水分利用率０．１３—０．５ｋｇ／ｍｍ·亩；可增加土壤有机质和氮、钾含量；可改善土壤结构；可减少水土流失６０％左右；由于土壤温度下降，玉米前期生长慢后期生长快，生育期推迟，但后期地下、地上生长量均超过传统耕作。伏、秋干旱时叶片萎蔫和枯黄期推迟，每亩增产和节能省工可增加经济效益６５—７６元。此项技术适于在年平均气温８℃以上的半干旱半湿润地区，玉米和高粱两种作物秸秆有余的地区推广。
The result of no-tillage whole straw half-covering in dry land for more than three years indicated that no-tillage mulching increased yield by 13.5% -190.9% and average yield by 30.9% compared with traditional tillage. The main reason for the increase is straw mulch. No-tillage cover the main supporting technologies are: half the entire straw cover, covering 500-1000 kilograms per mu of dry straw, chemical weeding, no-tillage covered planter, no-tillage 3-4 years. No-tillage coverage can increase the soil water content by 1-4 percentage points and increase the water use efficiency by 0.13-0.5kg / mm · Mu; it can increase soil organic matter and nitrogen and potassium content; improve soil structure; reduce soil erosion 60 %. Due to the decrease of soil temperature, the growth of early maize in late growth was fast and the growth period was postponed. However, the growth of underground and above ground in the later period all surpassed the traditional farming. Volt, autumn leaves drought wilting and yellowing postponed, yield per acre and energy saving can increase economic benefits of 65-76 yuan. This technology is suitable for promotion in semi-humid and semi-humid areas with annual average temperature above 8 ℃ and maize and sorghum straw residues.