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目的了解禽流感外环境污染状况与职业暴露人群H5N1和H7N9抗体水平,为禽流感防控提供依据。方法在十堰市区、丹江口市与郧县采集职业暴露人群血清100份及246份外环境标本,采用血凝抑制实验进行人禽流感抗体检测,采用RT-PCR对环境标本进行禽流感特异性核酸检测。结果 100份血清标本H5N1抗体阳性率为3.00%,H7N9抗体全部为阴性。外环境中Flu A、H5、H7、H9和N1检出率分别为39.43%、7.32%、0.00%、34.96%和5.69%;3类场所均检测到了Flu A阳性标本,活禽农贸市场(60.00%)与大型家禽屠宰厂(60.68%)明显高于大型家禽养殖场(2.25%)(P<0.05);未检测到H7阳性标本,H9亚型明显高于H5亚型(P>0.05)。结论 2014年十堰市外环境中存在以H9为主的禽流感病原体,大型家禽养殖场的流感病原检出率明显较低;职业暴露人群H5N1与H7N9抗体水平较低,需加强H5与H7监测工作。
Objective To understand the external environmental pollution of bird flu and occupational exposure to H5N1 and H7N9 antibody levels and provide basis for the prevention and control of avian influenza. Methods A total of 100 serum samples and 246 external environmental samples were collected from Shiyan urban area, Danjiangkou area and Yunxian county. The antibody against human bird flu was detected by hemagglutination inhibition test. RT-PCR was used to detect avian influenza-specific nucleic acid Detection. Results The positive rate of H5N1 antibody in 100 serum samples was 3.00%, and all the H7N9 antibodies were negative. The detection rates of Flu A, H5, H7, H9 and N1 in the external environment were 39.43%, 7.32%, 0.00%, 34.96% and 5.69% respectively. Flu A positive samples and live poultry farmer’s market (60.00 %) And large poultry slaughtering plant (60.68%) were significantly higher than that of large poultry farms (2.25%) (P <0.05). H7 positive samples were not detected, H9 subtype was significantly higher than H5 subtype (P> 0.05). Conclusion In 2014, there were H9-based avian influenza pathogens in the external environment of Shiyan City. The detection rate of flu pathogens in large-scale poultry farms was significantly lower in the external environment of Shiyan City. H5N1 and H7N9 antibody levels were lower in the occupationally exposed group, and H5 and H7 monitoring work should be strengthened .