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块菌属(Tuber F.H.Wigg.)是一类具有重要经济和生态价值的子囊菌门地下生的外生菌根真菌。因能与多种树木共生而在森林生态系统中占据重要地位,子囊果具独特的香味使其在欧洲市场久负盛名,一直以来,该属颇受国内外学者的广泛关注。本文综述了该属在系统分类学、生态学、生物化学及人工栽培等方面的研究概况和进展,分析了目前研究中存在的问题及尚待解决的主要问题,并提出了针对性的建议。
Tuber F.H.Wigg. Is a group of ecologically valuable and valuable Ascomycetes underground ectomycorrhizal fungi. Due to the symbiosis with many kinds of trees and occupying an important position in the forest ecosystem, the unique fragrance of the ascus has long enjoyed a good reputation in the European market. This genus has been widely concerned by scholars both at home and abroad. This review summarizes the research status and progress of this genus in taxonomy, ecology, biochemistry and artificial cultivation, analyzes the existing problems in the current research and the main problems to be solved, and puts forward some pertinent suggestions.