目的　研究青春期性发育早晚对青少年吸烟行为的影响。方法　 2 0 0 0年 11月对随机整群抽取的 14 5 3名上海市高中学生进行横断面问卷调查 ,获取青少年吸烟、男孩首次遗精年龄、女孩月经初潮年龄及可能影响青少年吸烟的社会心理因素等信息。结果　男生的尝试吸烟率在性发育较晚组中最高 (2 8.6 % ) ,其次为发育较早 (2 1.3% )和中等组 (2 1.7% ) ;现在吸烟率在性发育较早组最高(16 .4 % ) ,然后依次为发育较晚 (7.1% )和中等组 (4.8% ) ;女生的曾经吸烟率在性发育早、中、晚各组中依次为 2 4 .2 %、12 .0 %、6 .3%。在控制影响青少年吸烟的一系列社会心理因素后 ,性发育较早是导致男生现在吸烟的独立危险因素 (OR =3.6 8,95 %CI :1.2 3～ 10 .99) ,也是女生吸烟的危险因素(OR =2 .2 3,95 %CI:0 .89～ 5 .6 0 ) ;而性发育较晚可能导致男生尝试吸烟 (OR =1.4 8,95 %CI :0 .72～ 3.0 6 ) ,对女生却可能有一定的保护作用 (OR =0 .6 4 ,95 %CI:0 .2 2～ 1.86 )。结论　学校、家庭和社会应该关心、引导性发育时间偏离正常的男女青少年 ,加强吸烟危害健康教育 Objective To study the effects of adolescent sexual development on the smoking behavior of adolescents. Methods In November 2000, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on 14 5 3 high school students in Shanghai collected from a randomized cluster. The questionnaires were used to get the data of juvenile smoking, age of first spermatorrhea, age of girl’s menarche and psychosocial factors that may affect teenagers’ smoking And other information. Results The prevalence of smoking among male students was highest (2. 8.6%) in the late sexual development group, followed by the earlier (21.3%) and the middle group (2.17%). The current smoking rate was the highest in the sexual development group 16.4%), followed by the late development (7.1%) and the middle group (4.8%). The former smoking rate of girls was 24.2% in the early, middle and late stages of sexual development. 0%, 6 .3%. After controlling for a series of psychosocial factors affecting teenagers’ smoking, sexual development earlier was the independent risk factor for boys smoking now (OR = 3.6 8, 95% CI: 1.2 3 ~ 10.99), and was also a risk factor for smoking among girls (OR = 2.2 3,95% CI: 0.89-5.60). Late development of children may lead to male smoking (OR = 1.4 8,95% CI: 0.72-3.06) It may have some protective effect on girls (OR = 0.664, 95% CI: 0.222 ~ 1.86). Conclusion Schools, families and the community should be concerned about, guide the deviations of normal development of sexual time between young people and adolescents, strengthen the health hazards of smoking health education