研究社会形态的历史 ,人们一般以生产方式的状态来做判断。对于战国秦汉至明清 (鸦片战争以前 )时期的社会 ,大多认为农民与地主阶级建立一种生产方式 ,形成封建社会形态。这两者间的矛盾是社会主要矛盾 ,相当于欧洲中世纪农奴与领主时代的社会形态 ,这种似乎是定论的见解 ,如 To study the history of social forms, people generally make judgments based on the mode of production. For the society from the Qin and Han dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties (before the Opium War), most of the peasants believed that the peasants and the landlord class established a mode of production and formed a feudal social formation. The contradiction between these two is the main social contradiction, which is equivalent to the social form of European serfdom and lord era in medieval times. This seems to be a conclusion conclusion. For example,