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目的调查湖北地区不同人群中戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)感染情况和流行特征,为控制HEV在人畜间的传播提供依据。方法采集养猪场从业人员472人,屠宰场从业人员313人,农民168人,农民工300人,义务献血员500人和学生98人的血清样品共计1 851份。用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测抗-HEV IgG抗体,用统一制定的流行病学调查表进行分析。结果养猪场从业人员和农民中抗-HEV抗体阳性率分别为55.72%和53.57%,明显高于屠宰场从业人员、农民工、学生和义务献血人员中的阳性率,分别为31.63%,30.67%,27.55%和33.40%,且差异有统计学意义,(x~2=44.19,P<0.01)。养猪场和屠宰场从业人员从业年限在10年以下和10年以上的抗- HEV抗体阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。养猪场和屠宰场从业人员、农民及农民工的抗-HEV抗体阳性率均与年龄有关,其中养猪场从业人员、农民和农民工的抗-HEV抗体阳性率均随年龄的增长呈上升趋势。结论与猪特别是与幼猪接触越密切以及强度越大的人群,其抗-HEV抗体阳性率也越高,提示猪是HEV的主要传染源之一。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in different populations in Hubei Province, and to provide basis for controlling the transmission of HEV between humans and animals. Methods A total of 1 851 serum samples were collected from 472 employees in pig farms, 313 slaughterhouse employees, 168 farmers, 300 migrant workers, 500 voluntary blood donors and 98 students. Anti-HEV IgG antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and analyzed using a well-developed epidemiological questionnaire. Results The positive rates of anti-HEV antibodies among the employees and peasants in pig farms were 55.72% and 53.57%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in slaughterhouse employees, migrant workers, students and voluntary donors, which were 31.63% and 30.67 %, 27.55% and 33.40%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (x ~ 2 = 44.19, P <0.01). The positive rates of anti-HEV antibodies in pig farms and slaughterhouse employees were less than 10 years and 10 years respectively (P <0.05). The positive rates of anti-HEV antibodies in pig farms and slaughterhouse employees, peasants and migrant workers were all age-related, with the positive rates of anti-HEV antibodies raised by employees, peasants and migrant workers in pig farms increased with age trend. Conclusions The positive rate of anti-HEV antibody in pigs, especially those who are exposed to piglets more closely and with greater strength, suggests that pigs are one of the main sources of HEV infection.