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工业反哺农业是由农业的特点所决定的。从经济学的角度分析,农业是弱质产业,不仅因为农业生产面临自然风险,也面临市场风险,我国的农产品市场是一个典型的完全竞争市场,从而导致农业利润难以实现。从社会角度分析,农业是社会稳定的基础,不仅为社会提供生活必需品,而且农业的外部性使之发挥着生态功能、就业功能以及农业文化的传承等功能,这就决定了农业不是简单的经济问题,而是复杂的社会问题。因此,政府必须把农业作为公共产品予以支持。这是工业反哺农业,城市支持农村的理论依据。
Industry nurturing agriculture is determined by the characteristics of agriculture. From an economic point of view, agriculture is a weak industry, not only because of the natural risks of agricultural production but also of the market risks. Our country’s agricultural products market is a typical completely competitive market, which leads to the difficulty of realizing agricultural profits. From a social point of view, agriculture is the foundation of social stability, not only for the community to provide necessities of life, but also to make agriculture play an ecological function, employment function and the inheritance of agricultural culture and other functions, which determines the agriculture is not a simple economy Problems, but complex social issues. Therefore, the government must support agriculture as a public product. This is the theoretical basis for industry to nurture agriculture and urban support for rural areas.