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目的:探讨长春地区支气管哮喘儿童过敏原分布情况。方法:采用敏筛定量过敏原检测法对2007年8～10月就诊于该院儿科门诊及住院部的122例患者检测其常见过敏原。结果:长春地区122例哮喘患儿14种过敏原检测过敏原阳性率为59.84%。在14种过敏原中,尘螨的阳性例数最多,比例为21.31%,其次为猫毛、狗毛、及草,霉菌、牛羊肉及牛奶也占有相当重要的比例。男女性别组过敏原阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。吸入组过敏原在婴幼儿及儿童的年龄分组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。婴幼儿食物组的过敏比例要明显高于儿童组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。婴幼儿组内食物及吸入组过敏原差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),儿童组吸入过敏原明显高于食物组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:长春地区儿童哮喘最主要的过敏原为螨虫,其次为猫毛、狗毛及草,霉菌、牛羊肉及牛奶也占有相当重要的比例。不同年龄儿童过敏原结构有所不同;不同性别间过敏原阳性率差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
Objective: To investigate the distribution of allergens in children with bronchial asthma in Changchun area. Methods: A total of 122 patients with pediatric outpatient and inpatient department admitted to the hospital from August to October in 2007 were tested for common allergens by sensitive screening quantitative allergen test. Results: The positive rate of allergens detected by 14 allergens in 122 asthmatic children in Changchun was 59.84%. Of the 14 allergens, the highest number of dust mite positive cases, the ratio was 21.31%, followed by cat hair, dog hair, and grass, mold, beef and mutton and milk also occupy a very important proportion. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of allergens among men and women (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in allergen inhalation group between the age group of infants and children (P> 0.05). The proportion of allergy in infant food group was significantly higher than that in children group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in allergen between infants and children (P> 0.05). Allergen inhalation in children was significantly higher than that in food group (P <0.01). Conclusion: The most common allergen of childhood asthma in Changchun area is mites, followed by cat hair, dog hair and grass, mold, beef and mutton and milk also occupy a very important proportion. The allergen structure of children of different ages is different. There is no significant difference in the positive rate of allergens between different sexes (P> 0.05).