良好的课堂秩序和课堂氛围一直被视为是课堂教学取得成效的基本保障。但是,课堂教学作为师生双向互动的动态发展过程,在实践过程中受到了教师、学生、室内环境等多种因素制约。这些制约因素使课堂教学充满了大量的不确定因素,尤其是最为活跃的学生对教学活动的参与可能引发一系列超出教师预设的事情,即课堂意外事件。苏霍姆林斯基曾经说过:“教育的技巧并不在于我能预见到课的所有细节,在于能否根据当时的具体情况,巧妙地在学生不知不觉之中做出相应的变 Good classroom order and classroom atmosphere have always been regarded as the basic guarantee for the effectiveness of classroom teaching. However, classroom teaching, as a dynamic process of two-way interaction between teachers and students, is restricted by many factors such as teachers, students and indoor environment in practice. These constraints make classroom teaching full of uncertainties. In particular, participation of the most active students in teaching activities may trigger a series of events beyond the teacher’s preconditions, that is, classroom accidents. Sukhomlinski once said: ”The trick of education is not that I can foresee all the details of the lesson, depending on the circumstances at hand, skillfully make the corresponding changes among the students unknowingly