垄断是指当市场上只有一家厂商时,其不会接受既定的市场价格,而会自定市场价格,并选择能够实现总利润最大化的价格和产量水平。与竞争厂商比,其价格高,产量低,消费者剩余被大量剥削,社会福利下降,效率损失严重。因此,国企的垄断效果更是不言而喻。本文探讨的正是垄断的危害以及为何反对垄断的原因。 Monopoly means that when there is only one manufacturer in the market, it will not accept the established market price but will set its own market price and choose the price and output level that will maximize the total profit. Compared with competitive manufacturers, their prices are high, their output is low, their surplus is massively exploited, social welfare is declining, and their efficiency losses are serious. Therefore, the monopoly effect of state-owned enterprises is self-evident. What this article explores is precisely the dangers of monopolies and the reasons why monopolies are opposed.