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背景与目的:观察苯和甲醛对胚胎发育的联合毒性作用,并探讨联合作用类型。材料与方法:采用体外全胚胎培养模型,按照3×4析因设计的要求共分12组。将8.5日龄昆明种小鼠胚胎与含不同浓度苯和甲醛的即刻离心血清共培养48 h,观察苯和甲醛对小鼠胚胎生长发育和组织器官形态分化的影响及其对胚胎卵黄囊结构的损伤作用,并通过直观分析和方差分析判断苯与甲醛联合作用的类型。结果:空白和溶剂对照组培养胚胎与体内同龄胚胎的发育基本一致(P>0.05);苯和甲醛对小鼠胚胎发育均具有抑制作用,生长发育和器官分化各指标均低于对照组(P<0.01),且呈剂量-效应关系,较高浓度时可诱发胚胎畸型,甚至死亡,其主要表现为头部异常、心脏发育异常、肢芽小、眼、耳、鳃弓和体位异常等;胚胎卵黄囊细胞结构紊乱、排列不规则,变性、肿胀,胞浆出现空泡。苯与甲醛对胚胎的毒作用表现为协同效应。结论:苯和甲醛对小鼠胚胎具有直接的胚胎发育毒性和致畸性,二者表现为协同毒性效应。
BACKGROUND & AIM: To observe the combined toxic effects of benzene and formaldehyde on embryonic development and to explore the types of joint effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro whole embryo culture model was divided into 12 groups according to the 3 × 4 factorial design requirements. The Kunming mouse embryos of 8.5 days old were co-cultured with the immediately centrifuged serum containing different concentrations of benzene and formaldehyde for 48 hours to observe the effects of benzene and formaldehyde on the growth and development of mouse embryos and the morphological changes of tissues and organs, The effects of benzene and formaldehyde were judged by visual analysis and ANOVA. Results: The embryos cultured in blank and solvent control groups were basically the same as the embryos in the same age in vivo (P> 0.05). Both benzene and formaldehyde had inhibitory effects on the embryonic development of mice and the indexes of growth and development and organ differentiation were lower than those of the control group <0.01), and showed a dose-effect relationship. The embryos could be abnormally deformed and even died at higher concentrations. The main abnormalities were abnormalities of the head, cardiac dysplasia, small limb buds, eyes, ears, gill arch and abnormal posture. The structure of embryo yolk sac cells is disorderly arranged, irregular, degeneration and swelling, vacuoles appear in cytoplasm. The toxic effects of benzene and formaldehyde on embryos showed a synergistic effect. Conclusion: Benzene and formaldehyde have direct embryotoxic and teratogenic effects on mouse embryos, both of which show synergistic toxic effects.