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改革开放以降,随着中国市场经济目标的逐渐确立,现代经济学在中国逐步发展成为一门显学,为中国市场化改革提供了重要的理论指导和技术支撑。然而,学术界和思想界对于现代经济学及其意识形态性还存有不少认识误区,亟待厘清。为此,本文主要探讨和阐述了现代经济学的本质,包括现代经济学的基本内涵及其视野下的市场制度,现代经济学的核心假设与要点,以及如何正确看待理解现代经济学等内容。现代经济学由假设、约束条件、分析框架和模型以及若干结论(解释和/或预测)组成,其中一个核心假设是利己性假设,这些结论从假设、约束条件和分析框架及模型中严格导出,因而是一种具有内在逻辑的分析方法。现代经济学提供两类理论,一是提供基准点、参照系及明道的基准经济理论,二是提供更贴近现实的实用经济理论,两者相为促进,并且均可用于内在逻辑的推断和预测。市场经济孕育了经济理论,又得益于经济理论的发展。一个成熟的现代市场制度和好的治理只有在政府、市场、社会三位一体、互动互促的综合治理框架下才能运作有效。因此,唯有正确认识和理解现代经济学的本质及其视野之下的市场制度,才能有利于推进中国深化市场导向的改革,真正确立市场在资源配置中的决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用,实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,建立长治久安的包容性制度。
With the gradual establishment of the reform and opening up, with the gradual establishment of the goal of the market economy in China, modern economics has gradually developed into a significant school in China and provided important theoretical guidance and technical support for the marketization reform in China. However, there are still many misunderstandings about academic economics and ideology in modern economics and its ideology, which needs to be clarified. Therefore, this paper mainly discusses and expounds the essence of modern economics, including the basic connotation of modern economics and its market system, the core assumptions and points of modern economics, and how to correctly understand and understand the contents of modern economics. Modern economics consists of assumptions, constraints, analytical frameworks and models, and several conclusions (interpretation and / or forecasting). One of the core assumptions is the self-serving hypothesis, which is strictly derived from assumptions, constraints and analytical frameworks and models, It is therefore an analytical method with intrinsic logic. Two kinds of theories are provided by modern economics: one is to provide benchmarking, reference system and Mingdao’s basic economic theory; the other is to provide practical economic theory that is closer to reality, both of which are promotion and can be used to infer and predict inner logic . The market economy gave birth to economic theory and benefited from the development of economic theory. A mature modern market system and good governance can work and operate effectively only under the framework of a comprehensive governance of the government, market and society, and interaction and mutual promotion. Therefore, only by correctly understanding and understanding the essence of modern economics and its market system under its visual field can we promote China’s deepening of market-oriented reforms, truly establish the decisive role of the market in allocating resources and give better play to the role of the government, To achieve the modernization of the country’s governance system and governance capacity and establish an inclusive system of long-term peace and stability.