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中国慈善事业目前所遇到的一种伦理困境是:究竟受助者是否应该对资助者表示感恩。对此持否定态度的一个主要根据是:获得帮助是贫困者的权利。这种权利观念实际上混淆了两种责任,即外在的法律责任与内在的伦理责任,当它以此权利概念追索自己的应得时便找错了对象,因为具有权利追索法律责任的是政府,救助贫困者是政府的法定责任。作为个人的资助者对任何需要帮助者都没有法律责任(义务),只具有伦理责任(义务),而政府对他们才具有法律责任(义务),而不是伦理责任(义务)。基于此种责任划分,受助者不能以自己的权利的名义向个人资助者追索法律责任,他应该对完成伦理责任的个人表示感恩。
An ethical dilemma currently encountered by philanthropy in China is whether recipients should be grateful to funders. One of the main reasons for this negative attitude is that getting help is the rights of the poor. This concept of right actually confuses two kinds of responsibilities, namely, external legal liability and internal ethical responsibility. When it reclaims its own right with this concept of rights, it finds the wrong object because it has the legal responsibility of recourse to the right It is the government’s responsibility to help the poor. As an individual sponsor, there is no legal liability (obligation) to any person in need, only ethical responsibility (obligation), and the government has legal liability (obligation) to them instead of ethical responsibility (obligation). Based on this division of responsibilities, the grantee can not recourse to individual funders in the name of his rights and should be grateful to the individual who has completed his ethical responsibilities.