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青霉素能控制一些以往医生感到棘手的革兰氏阳性細菌感染,在临床上取得了优异的成績,因此引起了人們对抗菌素的重視。除在工业上大量生产外,各国学者更分途进行研究,企图发現效力更強、治疗范围更广的新抗菌素。Duggar在1948年从金色鏈絲菌(Streptomyces aureofaciens)的培养液中分离出金霉素。Finlay等在1950年从龟裂鏈絲菌(S.rimosus)的培养液中分出地霉素。这两种新抗菌素均能抑制革兰氏阳性及革兰氏阴性細菌,并能抑制立克次氏体及某些較大的病毒,抗菌范围远較青霉素为广,故称之为广譜抗菌素。由于这两种抗菌素毒性很小,并且可以口服,很快就在临床中推广使用,以弥补青霉素之不足。
Penicillin can control some Gram-positive bacterial infections that have been troublesome to doctors in the past and has achieved excellent clinical results. As a result, people pay more attention to antibiotics. In addition to mass production in industry, scholars from all over the world are doing more research in an attempt to find new antibiotics that are more effective and have a broader therapeutic scope. Duggar isolated chlortetracycline from the culture of Streptomyces aureofaciens in 1948. Finlay et al. In 1950 isolated gemcitabine from the culture of S. rimosus. Both new antibiotics can inhibit Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and can inhibit rickettsia and some larger viruses, antibacterial range is much broader than penicillin, it is called broad-spectrum antibiotics . Because of the small toxicity of these two antibiotics, and can be taken orally, they are rapidly being used clinically to make up for the lack of penicillin.