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自生态补偿制度成为我国理论和实务界热点议题之后,有关草原、流域、海洋、矿产资源、土地等环境要素生态补偿制度的理论研究和政策实践日益丰富。而大气环境领域生态补偿的研究却极为有限且滞后,京津冀地区日益严重的大气污染问题促使理论界开始重新思考生态补偿制度,尤其是区际生态补偿制度在解决京津冀区际大气污染问题上可能具有的制度功效。从现有的区际补偿理论研究成果和制度实践经验出发,本文选取构建京津冀区际大气环境生态补偿制度的三个基点为分析对象,即理论依据、基本原则和机制建设。京津冀区际大气环境生态补偿制度应明确以下基本原则:受益者负担原则、公平与适度原则、灵活性补偿原则、公众参与原则以及生态环境责任原则,并着重解决以下几个问题:谁补偿谁、补偿多少、怎么补偿以及实施补偿机制的保障性制度措施。
Since the ecological compensation system has become a hot issue in theory and practice of our country, the theoretical research and policy practice on the ecological compensation system for environmental elements such as grassland, river basin, ocean, mineral resources and land have been increasingly enriched. The research of ecological compensation in the field of atmospheric environment is extremely limited and lags behind. The increasingly serious problem of air pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has prompted theorists to rethink the ecological compensation system, especially the inter-regional ecological compensation system to solve the regional air pollution in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei System may have the effect of the problem. Based on the existing inter-regional compensation theory research results and practical experience of the system, this paper chooses three basic points of constructing the inter-regional atmospheric environmental ecological compensation system of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei as the analysis object, that is, the theoretical basis, basic principles and mechanism construction. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Inter-regional Atmospheric Environment Ecological Compensation System The following basic principles should be clarified: beneficiary burden principle, fairness and moderation principle, flexibility compensation principle, public participation principle and eco-environmental responsibility principle, and focus on the following questions: Who compensates Who, how much compensation, how to compensate and the implementation of the compensation mechanism for the protection of institutional measures.