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“A跟B一样(X)”句式可以表示实比,也可以表示虚比。如果所在的语境能体现X,X的隐现比较自由,如果没有上下文语境,则X的隐现与B的特征义是否单一、A和B两者的相似度是否超出常识范围有关。表实比的“A跟B一样”都有相应的否定式,表虚比的则不存在相应的否定式。只有当X是计量形容词中表积极义的形容词时“A跟B不一样X”才有可能被接受。对外汉语教学中不应简单地将“A跟B不一样”作为“A跟B一样”的否定式,以减少留学生出现的偏误。
“A and B the same (X) ” sentence can be expressed as real ratio, but also can be virtual ratio. If the context in which X can be represented is X, X’s appearance is relatively free. If there is no context, X’s appearance is different from that of B, and whether the similarity between A and B is beyond the scope of common sense. The table is more than the ratio of “A with B” has a corresponding negative, table virtual ratio does not exist the corresponding negative. Only when X is a superficial adjective in the measurement adjective, “A and B are not the same X” may be accepted. In the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, we should not simply change the negative of “A and B not ” as “A and B ”, so as to reduce the errors of students.