In an open economy,embodied carbon dioxide emissions in international trade should be taken into consideration to scientifically define each country’s emissions responsibility.In this study,a multiregional input-output model is constructed to calculate the embodied carbon dioxide emissions of 25 World Trade Organization members,including China,according to the producer-consumer shared responsibility principle.The study indicates that:it is fairer and more efficient to identify each country’s carbon dioxide emissions responsibility according to the shared responsibility principle;China’s producer responsibility is 1.4 times that of the USA,while China’s consumer responsibility is only one-tenth that of the USA;according to the producer responsibility principle,China shoulders the greatest responsibility.According to the producerconsumer shared responsibility principle,China’s responsibility shows a large decrease.Resource endowment,economic development stage,and trade structure account for the abovementioned changes in China’s emissions responsibility. In an open economy, embodied carbon dioxide emissions in international trade should be taken into consideration to scientifically define each country’s emissions responsibility. In this study, a multiregional input-output model is constructed to calculate the embodied carbon dioxide emissions of 25 World Trade Organization members , including China, according to the producer-consumer shared responsibility principle. The study shows that: it is fairer and more efficient to identify each country’s carbon dioxide emissions responsibility according to the shared responsibility principle; China’s producer responsibility is 1.4 times that of the USA , while China’s consumer responsibility is only one-tenth that of the USA; according to the producer responsibility principle, China shoulders the great responsibility. According to the producer responsibility shared responsibility principle, China’s responsibility shows a large decrease. Resource endowment, economic development stage, and trade structure account for the above to changes in China’s emissions responsibility.