论文部分内容阅读
【摘 要】目的:研究卡前列甲酯栓联合米非司酮终止中期妊娠与利凡诺引产的疗效比较。方法:选择113例孕周在14~27周之间要求终止妊娠的孕妇,按照随机对照的原则将其分为观察组55例,对照组58例。观察组于早晚各服用米非司酮片50 mg,服药前后2小时空腹,连服3 d(月份较小者可酌情减药),3 d后根据宫颈软化程度及宫缩情况,每隔3-6 h阴道后穹隆放置卡前列甲酯栓1 mg,并卧床30分钟,最大剂量不超过 4 mg。对照组予以羊膜腔内注入稀释后的乳酸依沙吖啶100 mg终止妊娠。观察比较两组的临床疗效。结果:完全流产率比较,观察组为81.81%,对照组为63.79%,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义;流产时间比较,观察组为5.82±2.65 h,对照组为58.24±3.48 h,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义;阴道出血量比较,观察组为89.43±6.28ml,对照组为168.56±23.32 ml,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论:卡孕栓与米非司酮联合用于中期妊娠引产,解决了中期妊娠孕周小,羊水少,穿刺困难、宫颈条件不成熟等问题,避免了宫腔操作和宫内感染的可能,安全无创,经济便利,可操作性强,值得临床推广应用。
【关键词】卡前列甲酯栓;米非司酮;利凡诺;终止妊娠
【文章编号】1004-7484(2014)07-4561-02
【Abstract】Objective:To study the effect of carboprost methylate suppositories combined with mifepristone on ending Mid-pregnancy. Methods:113cases pregnant women who had Mid-pregnancy in hospital from 2012 October to 2013 October were slected and required to ending pregnancy. The 113 patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group. There are 55cases in the observation group and 58cases in the control group. The observation group were given mifepristone 50 mg, one time at morning and night, Medication before and after 2 hours of fasting,even for 3 days,3 days later, according to the degree of cervical softening and uterine contraction, Every 3-6 h posterior vaginal fornix placed Carboprost methylate suppositorites 1 mg, and stay in bed for 30 minutes, The maximum dose does not exceed 4mg. The control group was given amniotic cavity injection of Ethacridine lactate 100 mg to ending pregnancy. To compared the clinical efficacy of two groups. Results:To compare the complete abortion rate of observation group and control group, the observation group was 81.81%, the control group was 63.79%, P<0.05,there was significant difference between two groups; To compare the arbortive time of observation group and control group ,the observation group was 5.82±2.65 h , the control group was 58.24±3.48 h, P<0.05,there was significant difference between two groups; To compare the vaginal bleeding volume of observation group and control group, the observation group was 89.43±6.28 ml, the control group was 168.56±23.32 ml, P<0.05,there was significant difference between two groups . Conclution:Carboprost methylate suppositories combined with mifepristone on ending Mid-pregnancy, to solve the problem of short gestational weeks, less amniotic fluid, puncture difficulties, and cervical conditions are not ripe, To avoid the possibility of uterine cavity operation and intrauterine infection, safe and noninvasive, economic and convenience, easy to operate. It is worthy of clinical promotion. 【Key words】Carboprost methylate suppositories; Mifepristone; Rivanol; Ending pregnancy
临床上将停经第14~27周末称为中期妊娠[1],中期妊娠引产,传统采用经腹壁羊膜腔内注射乳酸依沙吖啶引产法,它通过产生内源性的前列腺素而诱发宫缩,但缺点是患者腹痛时间长,剧烈,易产生宫缩过强 ,常伴有宫颈裂伤、失血量大等并发症[2]。因此,探索更为简便、高效、患者痛苦小、并发症少的用药方案显得尤为重要。近年来我院采用卡前列甲酯栓联合米非司酮片终止14~27周妊娠,临床比较结果总结如下:
1资料与方法
1.2方法
观察组于早晚各服用米非司酮片50 mg,服药前后2小时空腹,连服3 d(月份较小者可酌情减药);3 d后根据宫颈软化程度及宫缩情况,每隔3~6 h阴道后穹隆放置卡前列甲酯栓1 mg,并卧床30分钟,最大剂量不超过4 mg放药后严密监测宫缩及宫口扩张情况。对照组予以羊膜腔内注入稀释后的乳酸依沙吖啶100 mg终止妊娠。
1.3观察指标
放置卡前列甲酯栓后每隔2小时、注入乳酸依沙吖啶后每隔4小时,分别观察两组的生命体征,记录孕妇用药后恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、宫缩情况、阴道出血量及胎儿、胎盘胎膜排出时间并记录。
1.4疗效判定标准
完全流产:胎儿及其附属物完整排出(包括胎盘已剥离,嵌顿与宫颈口未排出者),阴道出血不多,复查B 超宫腔内无残留;不全流产:胎儿完全或部分排出,胎盘、胎膜未剥离排出或仅有部分残留,复查B超宫内见少量胚胎或胎盘胎膜组织;失败:用药72 h未发动宫缩,胎儿及其附属物未排出。
1.5统计学方法
采用 SPSS 19.0统计学软件包进行处理,计量资料以均数±标准差(χ±s)表示(重复),采用t检验进行组间比较,以P<0.05为差异,有统计学意义。
3讨论
中期妊娠因为孕周小,宫颈条件欠佳,子宫对缩宫素不敏感而面临诸多困难。有文献报道, 引产的孕周以及宫颈的成熟状态和引产是否成功有着密 不可分的关系[3]。中孕引产常规用药利凡诺是一种强有效的杀菌剂,可将胎儿杀死,促使胎盘和蜕膜组织变性坏死[4],引起内源性前列腺素释放,从而诱发宫缩。随着宫缩频率和强度增加,胎儿及其附属产物排出,引产完成[5]。但利凡诺引起的宫缩不是自发性宫缩,且不具有软化宫颈的作用,不能使子宫收缩与宫口扩张同步进行,故易导致强直性宫缩和不协调宫缩发生[6],使孕妇痛苦增加、产程延长、后穹窿穿孔等软产道损伤、胎盘胎膜残留成为利凡诺引产的常见并发症[7],且穿刺过程中,易引起胎盘早剥及羊水栓塞。而卡孕栓配伍米非司酮引产的方法避免了这些缺点的存在。卡孕栓是一种人工前列腺素F2α衍生物[8],化学名为卡前列甲酯,具有抗早孕和中期妊娠流产的作用;能引起子宫、胃肠道和膀胱平滑肌的收缩,并能阻止合成宫颈胶原纤维,从而软化宫颈。给药途径方便,阴道后穹窿放置或纳肛均可。它的不良反应主要为腹泻、恶心或呕吐、腹痛等,采用复方苯乙哌啶片等对症治疗后均可消失。米非司酮为孕激素受体拮抗剂,可与孕激素竞争受体结合,从而引起内源性前列腺素释放,导致蜕膜组织的坏死、脱落[9]进而诱导宫缩,引发流产,并降解宫颈胶原纤维,使其溶解,起到扩张并软化宫颈作用[10]。此项研究表明,卡孕栓与米非司酮联合用于中期妊娠引产,解决了中期妊娠孕周小,羊水少,穿刺困难、宫颈条件不成熟等问题,避免了宫腔操作和宫内感染的可能,安全无创,经济便利,可操作性强,值得临床推广应用。
参考文献:
[1] 谢幸 苟文丽.妇产科学[D], 人民卫生出版社出版. 2013.3第8版:42。
[2] 奥成功. 利凡诺配伍米非司酮用于中期引产的安全性评价 [J]. 齐齐哈尔医学院学报, 2012, 33(7):921-922.
[3] 牛玉丽. 米非司酮联合依沙吖啶用于中期妊娠引产疗效观察[J]. 临床合理用药杂志2011, 4:25-26.
[4] 兆爱萍. 米非司酮在终止中期妊娠中的应用[J]. 医学理论与实践, 2011, 18(5): 576-578.
[5] 曾成英, 肖小敏, 郭遂群, 等. 不同方式终止14-24周妊娠的效果探讨[J]. 中国计划生育学杂志, 2011, 19(6): 357-359, 363.
[6] Mosehos E,Sererlaarslmhalha S.Twickler DM.First-trimester diagnosis of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy[J]. J Clin Ultrasound.2008.36: 504-511
[7] 李英, 孙燕, 高敬. 米索前列醇与利凡诺尔在中期妊娠引产中的应用[J]. 实用医药杂志, 2012 29:602-603.
[8] 王凤莲, 徐国华. 卡前列甲酯栓用于瘢痕子宫妊娠人工流产[J]. 中国生育健康杂志, 2010, 21(5): 293-294.
[9] 吴伟英, 谭广萍. 早期妊娠流产患者应用米非司酮对两种激素受体损害的作用研究[J]. 重庆医学, 2011, 40(29): 2931-2932, 2935.
[10] Jbair M, Smeet RI. Comparison of oarl and vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening before evacuation of first trimester missed miscarriage[J]. Suadi Med J, 2009, 30(l): 82-87.
【关键词】卡前列甲酯栓;米非司酮;利凡诺;终止妊娠
【文章编号】1004-7484(2014)07-4561-02
【Abstract】Objective:To study the effect of carboprost methylate suppositories combined with mifepristone on ending Mid-pregnancy. Methods:113cases pregnant women who had Mid-pregnancy in hospital from 2012 October to 2013 October were slected and required to ending pregnancy. The 113 patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group. There are 55cases in the observation group and 58cases in the control group. The observation group were given mifepristone 50 mg, one time at morning and night, Medication before and after 2 hours of fasting,even for 3 days,3 days later, according to the degree of cervical softening and uterine contraction, Every 3-6 h posterior vaginal fornix placed Carboprost methylate suppositorites 1 mg, and stay in bed for 30 minutes, The maximum dose does not exceed 4mg. The control group was given amniotic cavity injection of Ethacridine lactate 100 mg to ending pregnancy. To compared the clinical efficacy of two groups. Results:To compare the complete abortion rate of observation group and control group, the observation group was 81.81%, the control group was 63.79%, P<0.05,there was significant difference between two groups; To compare the arbortive time of observation group and control group ,the observation group was 5.82±2.65 h , the control group was 58.24±3.48 h, P<0.05,there was significant difference between two groups; To compare the vaginal bleeding volume of observation group and control group, the observation group was 89.43±6.28 ml, the control group was 168.56±23.32 ml, P<0.05,there was significant difference between two groups . Conclution:Carboprost methylate suppositories combined with mifepristone on ending Mid-pregnancy, to solve the problem of short gestational weeks, less amniotic fluid, puncture difficulties, and cervical conditions are not ripe, To avoid the possibility of uterine cavity operation and intrauterine infection, safe and noninvasive, economic and convenience, easy to operate. It is worthy of clinical promotion. 【Key words】Carboprost methylate suppositories; Mifepristone; Rivanol; Ending pregnancy
临床上将停经第14~27周末称为中期妊娠[1],中期妊娠引产,传统采用经腹壁羊膜腔内注射乳酸依沙吖啶引产法,它通过产生内源性的前列腺素而诱发宫缩,但缺点是患者腹痛时间长,剧烈,易产生宫缩过强 ,常伴有宫颈裂伤、失血量大等并发症[2]。因此,探索更为简便、高效、患者痛苦小、并发症少的用药方案显得尤为重要。近年来我院采用卡前列甲酯栓联合米非司酮片终止14~27周妊娠,临床比较结果总结如下:
1资料与方法
1.2方法
观察组于早晚各服用米非司酮片50 mg,服药前后2小时空腹,连服3 d(月份较小者可酌情减药);3 d后根据宫颈软化程度及宫缩情况,每隔3~6 h阴道后穹隆放置卡前列甲酯栓1 mg,并卧床30分钟,最大剂量不超过4 mg放药后严密监测宫缩及宫口扩张情况。对照组予以羊膜腔内注入稀释后的乳酸依沙吖啶100 mg终止妊娠。
1.3观察指标
放置卡前列甲酯栓后每隔2小时、注入乳酸依沙吖啶后每隔4小时,分别观察两组的生命体征,记录孕妇用药后恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、宫缩情况、阴道出血量及胎儿、胎盘胎膜排出时间并记录。
1.4疗效判定标准
完全流产:胎儿及其附属物完整排出(包括胎盘已剥离,嵌顿与宫颈口未排出者),阴道出血不多,复查B 超宫腔内无残留;不全流产:胎儿完全或部分排出,胎盘、胎膜未剥离排出或仅有部分残留,复查B超宫内见少量胚胎或胎盘胎膜组织;失败:用药72 h未发动宫缩,胎儿及其附属物未排出。
1.5统计学方法
采用 SPSS 19.0统计学软件包进行处理,计量资料以均数±标准差(χ±s)表示(重复),采用t检验进行组间比较,以P<0.05为差异,有统计学意义。
3讨论
中期妊娠因为孕周小,宫颈条件欠佳,子宫对缩宫素不敏感而面临诸多困难。有文献报道, 引产的孕周以及宫颈的成熟状态和引产是否成功有着密 不可分的关系[3]。中孕引产常规用药利凡诺是一种强有效的杀菌剂,可将胎儿杀死,促使胎盘和蜕膜组织变性坏死[4],引起内源性前列腺素释放,从而诱发宫缩。随着宫缩频率和强度增加,胎儿及其附属产物排出,引产完成[5]。但利凡诺引起的宫缩不是自发性宫缩,且不具有软化宫颈的作用,不能使子宫收缩与宫口扩张同步进行,故易导致强直性宫缩和不协调宫缩发生[6],使孕妇痛苦增加、产程延长、后穹窿穿孔等软产道损伤、胎盘胎膜残留成为利凡诺引产的常见并发症[7],且穿刺过程中,易引起胎盘早剥及羊水栓塞。而卡孕栓配伍米非司酮引产的方法避免了这些缺点的存在。卡孕栓是一种人工前列腺素F2α衍生物[8],化学名为卡前列甲酯,具有抗早孕和中期妊娠流产的作用;能引起子宫、胃肠道和膀胱平滑肌的收缩,并能阻止合成宫颈胶原纤维,从而软化宫颈。给药途径方便,阴道后穹窿放置或纳肛均可。它的不良反应主要为腹泻、恶心或呕吐、腹痛等,采用复方苯乙哌啶片等对症治疗后均可消失。米非司酮为孕激素受体拮抗剂,可与孕激素竞争受体结合,从而引起内源性前列腺素释放,导致蜕膜组织的坏死、脱落[9]进而诱导宫缩,引发流产,并降解宫颈胶原纤维,使其溶解,起到扩张并软化宫颈作用[10]。此项研究表明,卡孕栓与米非司酮联合用于中期妊娠引产,解决了中期妊娠孕周小,羊水少,穿刺困难、宫颈条件不成熟等问题,避免了宫腔操作和宫内感染的可能,安全无创,经济便利,可操作性强,值得临床推广应用。
参考文献:
[1] 谢幸 苟文丽.妇产科学[D], 人民卫生出版社出版. 2013.3第8版:42。
[2] 奥成功. 利凡诺配伍米非司酮用于中期引产的安全性评价 [J]. 齐齐哈尔医学院学报, 2012, 33(7):921-922.
[3] 牛玉丽. 米非司酮联合依沙吖啶用于中期妊娠引产疗效观察[J]. 临床合理用药杂志2011, 4:25-26.
[4] 兆爱萍. 米非司酮在终止中期妊娠中的应用[J]. 医学理论与实践, 2011, 18(5): 576-578.
[5] 曾成英, 肖小敏, 郭遂群, 等. 不同方式终止14-24周妊娠的效果探讨[J]. 中国计划生育学杂志, 2011, 19(6): 357-359, 363.
[6] Mosehos E,Sererlaarslmhalha S.Twickler DM.First-trimester diagnosis of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy[J]. J Clin Ultrasound.2008.36: 504-511
[7] 李英, 孙燕, 高敬. 米索前列醇与利凡诺尔在中期妊娠引产中的应用[J]. 实用医药杂志, 2012 29:602-603.
[8] 王凤莲, 徐国华. 卡前列甲酯栓用于瘢痕子宫妊娠人工流产[J]. 中国生育健康杂志, 2010, 21(5): 293-294.
[9] 吴伟英, 谭广萍. 早期妊娠流产患者应用米非司酮对两种激素受体损害的作用研究[J]. 重庆医学, 2011, 40(29): 2931-2932, 2935.
[10] Jbair M, Smeet RI. Comparison of oarl and vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening before evacuation of first trimester missed miscarriage[J]. Suadi Med J, 2009, 30(l): 82-87.