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目的分析北京市密云区2011—2015年疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)发生特征,评价AEFI监测系统的运行情况,为评价疫苗的安全性提供科学依据。方法通过AEFI监测管理系统,收集密云区2011—2015年报告的AEFI个案数据,采用描述性方法进行流行病学分析。结果北京市密云区2011—2015年共报告AEFI 239例,其中一般反应175例(73.22%),异常反应48例(20.08%),偶合症10例(4.18%),心因性反应6例(2.51%),报告发生率为22.47/10万。2015年AEFI报告率明显高于2011年,差异有统计学意义。AEFI发生率较高的疫苗有23价肺炎疫苗(183.39/10万)、白破疫苗(165.10/万)、麻风疫苗(87.18/10万)、无细胞百白破疫苗(73.62/10万)。一般反应中最常见的为发热、红肿、硬结(97.72%);异常反应以过敏性皮疹(50.00%)、荨麻疹(25.00%)为主;2011—2015年共上报8例严重AEFI,报告发生率为0.75/10万。结论北京市密云区AEFI监测系统运转正常,监测敏感性高。今后需密切关注AEFI报告发生率较高的疫苗,严格掌握疫苗禁忌证,减少AEFI的发生。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of suspected AEFI in Miyun District, Beijing from 2011 to 2015, and evaluate the operation of AEFI monitoring system in order to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the safety of the vaccine. Methods The AEFI monitoring and management system was used to collect data on AEFI cases reported in Miyun during 2011-2015 and a descriptive method was used for epidemiological analysis. Results A total of 239 AEFI cases were reported in Miyun District, Beijing from 2011 to 2015, of which 175 cases were general reaction (73.22%), 48 cases (20.08%) were abnormal reaction, 10 cases (4.18%) were coupled diseases and 6 cases were cardiorespiratory reactions 2.51%), the report rate was 22.47 / 100000. The AEFI report rate in 2015 was significantly higher than in 2011, with a significant difference. Vaccines with high incidence of AEFI were 23 pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine (183.39 / 100000), white broken vaccine (165.10 / million), leprosy vaccine (87.18 / 100000), acellular diphtheriae vaccine (73.62 / 100000). The most common reactions were fever, redness and induration (97.72%). The anomalous reactions were allergic rash (50.00%) and urticaria (25.00%), and a total of 8 cases of severe AEFI were reported in 2011-2015. The rate is 0.75 / 100,000. Conclusion The AEFI monitoring system in Miyun District of Beijing is in normal operation with high monitoring sensitivity. The future need to pay close attention to AEFI report a higher incidence of vaccines, strict vaccine contraindications to reduce the incidence of AEFI.