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应用各种技术鉴定尿中的细胞和管型已收到不同程度的功效。由于一般光镜的分辨能力不能描述细胞的组成部分,因此用光镜来区别细胞或管型。尤其是透明管型尚有一定困难,因为这种管型的基质是由Tamm-Horfall 粘蛋白组成,它与尿液有相同的折射率。1934年Zernicke 和1947年Smith 分别发明了相差显微镜和干涉显微镜,这对未经染色的尿沉淀物的研究提供了超过光镜的独特好
Application of various techniques to identify urine cells and tubes have received varying degrees of efficacy. As the resolution of light microscope can not describe the components of the cell, so the light microscope to distinguish between cells or tube type. Transparent tubing in particular is still somewhat difficult because the tube matrix is composed of Tamm-Horfall mucin, which has the same refractive index as urine. In 1934, Zernicke and Smith in 1947 invented phase-contrast microscopy and interference microscopy, respectively, which provided a unique and good study of untreated urine sediment over light microscopy