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2011年7-9月对喀纳斯自然保护区针叶林、针阔混交林、阔叶林、灌木林、草甸草原、林间草地、沼泽地7种生境下中小型土壤动物类型特征、动态变化进行了实地调查。结果表明:捕获中小型土壤动物共14301只,隶属于4门13纲29目(30类),其中甲螨目、弹尾目和垫刃目为优势类群。中气门目、无气门目、蛭态目、前气门目、茅线目和双翅目幼虫为常见类群,占总数量的21.14%,其余的23类均为稀有类群,只占总捕获量的4.46%。在不同生境中小型土壤动物群落类群数之间差异显著(p<0.05),而个体数之间差异极显著(p<0.01),其中个体数水平分布表现为针阔混交林>阔叶林>针叶林>灌木林>林间草地>草甸草原>沼泽地,类群数顺序为阔叶林>灌木林>针阔混交林>林间草地>针叶林>草甸草原>沼泽地。在垂直分布上具有明显的表聚性特征,即0～5cm>5～10cm>10～15cm,但针叶林、阔叶林和混交林苔藓层个体数与类群数极显著高于凋落物层和土壤层(p<0.01)。个体数的季节动态变化顺序为秋季多,而夏季少,但类群数在夏季多,而秋季少。
From July to September in 2011, the characteristics of small and medium-sized soil fauna under seven habitats including coniferous forest, conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, broad-leaved forest, shrub forest, meadow grassland, forest grassland and wetland in Kanas Nature Reserve, Dynamic changes in the field survey. The results showed that a total of 14301 small and medium soil animal were captured, belonging to 4 groups, 13 classes and 29 orders (30 categories). Among them, Orthoptera, Eupolyphaga and Paddock were the dominant groups. Mesocyclophora, Mesocystis, Lepidoptera, Anterior Thylacostomus, Machilus and Diptera larvae are the common groups, accounting for 21.14% of the total, while the remaining 23 are rare groups, accounting for only the total catch 4.46%. There was significant difference (p <0.05) in the number of taxonomic groups of small soil fauna in different habitats, while there was a significant difference between individuals (p <0.01). The individual number distribution showed that the coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest> Coniferous forest> shrub> inter grassland> meadow grassland> marshland, the order of order is broadleaf forest> shrub> coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest> forest grassland> coniferous forest> meadow grassland> swamp land. The results showed that there were obvious characteristics of surface polygons in the vertical distribution, ie 0 ~ 5cm> 5 ~ 10cm> 10 ~ 15cm. However, the numbers of individuals and taxa in the moss layer of coniferous forest, broadleaf forest and mixed forest were significantly higher than those of litter layer And soil layer (p <0.01). The order of seasonal variation of individuals is more in autumn and less in summer, but there are more taxa in summer and less in autumn.