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目的定性了解温室大棚作业人员肌肉骨骼疾患的工效学影响因素。方法选择山东省寿光市温室大棚种植区,采用现场观察及定性小组访谈的方法对温室大棚作业人员的作业姿势、肌肉骨骼疾患的发生及其引起的误工就医情况以及温室大棚作业中的不良工效学影响因素进行研究。结果温室大棚作业人员肌肉骨骼疾患主要发生在腰部和肩部,作业人员作业时背部姿势构成主要为直立(50.4%)、前倾(31.1%)、前曲(10.4%);上肢姿势构成比主要是单手高于肘(47.2%),单手高于肩(32.3%),双手高于肘(15.1%);下肢姿势构成比主要为伸直(60.3%),单脚重心(20.9%),蹲(14.4%)。因肌肉骨骼疾患误工、就医的情况较少,肌肉骨骼疾患发生的主要影响因素有性别、年龄、长时间高负荷劳动、不良的工作体位、重复性作业等。结论我国温室大棚作业人员肌肉骨骼疾患的情况严重,主要影响因素有性别、年龄、长时间高负荷劳动、不良的工作体位、重复性作业,应针对温室大棚特殊的劳动环境和劳动方式,选择合适的干预措施,减少肌肉骨骼疾患的发生。
Objective To qualitatively understand the ergonomic factors affecting the musculoskeletal disorders of greenhouse workers. Methods The greenhouse planting area in Shouguang City of Shandong Province was selected. The methods of on-site observation and qualitative group interviews were used to analyze the working posture, the musculoskeletal disorders and the medical treatment of workers who lost their jobs in greenhouse and the bad ergonomics in greenhouse operation Influencing factors were studied. Results The musculoskeletal disorders of greenhouse workers mainly occurred in the waist and shoulders. The workers posed mainly in the back (50.4%), anteversion (31.1%) and anterior flexor (10.4% (47.2%) with one hand above the elbows (32.3%) and both hands above the elbows (15.1%). The lower extremity poses mainly an extension (60.3%) and a single center of gravity (20.9%), , Squatting (14.4%). Because of the loss of working time due to musculoskeletal disorders, medical treatment is less. The main factors affecting the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders are gender, age, long time-consuming work, poor working position, repetitive work and so on. Conclusions The musculoskeletal disorders of greenhouse workers in our country are serious. The main influencing factors are gender, age, long time heavy workload, poor working position and repetitive work. Aiming at the special working environment and working methods of greenhouse, Interventions to reduce musculoskeletal disorders.