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一、前言 在声学测量中,传统的方法是测量声压(或声压级)。这种测量方法易受到环境的影响,因此对于某些声学测量必须进行修正,甚至需要特定的声学环境(如消声室、混响室),从而给研究工作带来许多不便。 声强同样是声学中的一个重要物理量,而且它还是一个矢量。声强对声学研究工作具有重要的意义,一直吸引着人们的注意力,希望找到一种直接测量声强的方法。早在卅年代就有人研究声强测量法,以后又制成了声强仪或声瓦特仪。可是由于技术上的种种困难,这种仪器给出的实验结果误差太大,因此长期得不到发展。
First, the preface In acoustic measurement, the traditional method is to measure the sound pressure (or sound pressure level). This method of measurement is susceptible to environmental influences and therefore must be modified for some acoustic measurements and even requires a specific acoustic environment (such as anechoic chamber, reverberation chamber), which brings many inconveniences to the research work. Sound intensity is also an important physical quantity in acoustics, and it is also a vector. Sound intensity is of great significance to acoustics research and has always attracted the attention of people. We hope to find a way to directly measure the sound intensity. As early as 1930s, some people studied sound intensity measurement, and later made a sound intensity meter or a sound watt meter. However, due to technical difficulties, the experimental results given by this instrument are so erroneous that they have not been developed for a long time.