“一带一路”战略是一项长期、复杂而艰巨的系统工程,前无古人,其推进实施必然面临诸多不容忽视的重大挑战,具体包括:一是沿线国家的制度体制差异大,政局动荡不稳;二是经济发展水平不平衡,市场开放难度大;三是民族宗教矛盾复杂,非传统不安全因素突出;四是文化繁杂多样,存在因认知偏差误判中国战略意图的可能;五是战略规划设计有待完善和细化,中国主导实施国际宏大战略还需要更多的经验积累。 The “One Belt, One Road” strategy is a long-term, complicated and arduous systematic project with no precedent. Its promotion and implementation are bound to face many major challenges that can not be ignored. These include the following: First, the systems and systems in the countries along the line have great differences and their political instability is unstable Second, the imbalance in the level of economic development and the difficulty in opening up markets are enormous. Third, ethnic and religious conflicts are complex and non-traditional unsafe factors are prominent. Fourth, the culture is diverse and diverse, with the possibility of misjudging China’s strategic intentions due to cognitive bias. Fifth, Planning and design needs to be perfected and refined. China also needs more experience in leading the implementation of the grand strategy of the world.