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一、渗透水流对水工建筑物的破坏作用 对于水工建筑物来说,自然的破坏力是一种经常存在的因素。威胁着水工建筑物安全的自然因素很多,最主要是水文、水力和地质条件。在水力方面,水利工程常受地表水和地下水的破坏。地表水的冲刷破坏较易发现和挽救,而渗流冲刷不易察觉,常受忽视。而一旦发现,则难以补救。因此,水利工程受渗流冲刷破坏者常比地表水冲刷破坏者为多,特别是土石坝,由于坝体的透水性和建在透水地基上,渗流问题更为突出。据国内外统计,在土石坝事故中,渗流破坏占30～40%。从这一比例数字中可以看出,没有渗流的安全控制,将给下游造成严重威胁或灾害。因此,在对工程的设计,施工和运用管理上就应该慎重考虑渗流安全控制问题。
First, the infiltration of hydraulic structures on the destructive effect For hydraulic structures, the natural destructive power is a frequent factor. There are many natural factors that threaten the safety of hydraulic structures, most notably hydrological, hydraulic and geological conditions. In hydraulic terms, water conservancy projects are often damaged by surface and groundwater. Scouring and destruction of surface water is easier to find and save, and seepage erosion is not easily noticeable and often overlooked. Once found, it is difficult to remedy. Therefore, water conservancy projects are often infested by seepage erosion than surface water scouring and sabotage, especially earth-rock dam, due to the permeability of the dam body and built on pervious foundation, seepage problem is more prominent. According to statistics at home and abroad, in the earth-rock dam accident, seepage damage accounted for 30 to 40%. It can be seen from this figure that the safety control without seepage will pose a serious threat or disaster to the downstream. Therefore, in the design, construction and operation management of the project, we should carefully consider the problem of seepage safety control.