2016柯林斯年度词汇

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  “Brexit” has been named the word of the year by Collins Dictionary having been deemed “politics’ most important contribution to the language for 40 years.”1
  According to Collins, the first recorded usage of the word arrived in 2013 but 2016 saw a 3,400% rise due to the EU referendum in June and the ensuing fallout.2
  Collins’ head of language Helen Newstead likened the term’s importance to the way in which the Watergate scandal3 saw the word—gate added as a suffix “to make any incident infinitely more compelling.”
  Following up Brexit’s rear was “Trumpism” which has been derived from the name of US president Donald Trump.4“Trump is not the first politician to have had his name co-opted by language,” Newstead continued, citing“Thatcherism” and “Reaganomics” as previous examples.5 She stated that: “The longevity6 of ‘Trumpism’ as a word may depend on his success in the election.”
  The third entrant in Collins’ list is “hygge”, a Danish concept of creating cosy and convivial atmospheres that promote wellbeing.7
  Other words to feature include “mic drop”—a theatrical gesture in which a person drops a hand-held microphone as the finale to a speech; “snowflake generation”—the collective name for the young adults of the 2010s’, and “JOMO” which is the joy of missing out.8
  Collins’ 10 words of the year can be found below with their full definitions:
  1) Brexit: the withdrawal9 of the United Kingdom from the European Union
  2) dude food10: junk food such as hot dogs, burgers, etc considered particularly appealing to men
  3) hygge: a concept, originating in Denmark, of creating cosy and convivial atmospheres that promote wellbeing
  4) JOMO (acronym11): joy of missing out: pleasure gained from enjoying one’s current activities without worrying that other people are having more fun
  5) mic drop: a theatrical gesture in which a person drops (or imitates the action of dropping) a hand-held microphone to the ground as the finale to a speech or performance
  6) sharenting12: the habitual use of social media to share news, images, etc. of one’s children
  7) snowflake generation: the young adults of the 2010s, viewed as being less resilient and more prone to taking offence than previous generations13
  8) throw shade: to make a public show of contempt for someone or something, often in a subtle or non-verbal manner14
  9) Trumpism: (1) the policies advocated by the US politician Donald Trump, especially those involving a rejection of the current political establishment and the vigorous pursuit of US national interests15 (2) a controversial or outrageous statement attributed to Donald Trump16   10) uberization: the adoption of a business model in which services are offered on demand through direct contact between a customer and supplier, usually via mobile technology17
  1. Brexit: 英国脱欧,由Britan和exit复合而成,指英国脱离欧盟; deem: 认为。
  2. EU referendum: 欧盟的全民投票,EU即欧盟(European Union);ensuing: 接着发生的;fallout: 附带结果,余波。
  3. Watergate Scandal:水门事件,水门丑闻,水门大厦是华盛顿特区一综合大厦,1972年6月17日夜间共和党有关人员潜入大厦内民主党全国委员会总部而被捕,暴露了共和党政府在总统竞选中的非法活动,导致美国历史上首次的总统辞职(时任总统为尼克松)。
  4. Trumpism: 特朗普主义,即美国总统唐纳德·特朗普的政治主张;derive from: 源自。
  5. co-opt: 吸收,同化;Thatcherism: 撒切尔主义,指英国前首相撒切尔夫人采取的一系列政治主张;Reaganomics: 里根经济政策,由Reagan与economics复合而成。
  6. longevity: 寿命,指该词的使用期限。
  7. entrant: 新成员;hygge: 源于丹麦人的一种生活方式,代表“舒适安逸”;cosy: 暖和舒适的,安逸的;convivial: 快活的,欢乐的;wellbeing: 安乐,安康。
  8. feature: 特写;micdrop: 扔话筒,是指在表演或演讲结束之际故意摔掉或扔掉麦克风的举动,以此来引人瞩目;finale: 终曲,结局; snowflake generation: 雪花一代,指2010年后出生的年轻一代,通常被认为适应性较差,极其易怒;JOMO: 即joy of missing out,因错过而快乐,指网络时代能关注自己的事、享受自己的生活,不再担心错过别人的动态;而是能享受自己的生活。
  9. withdrawal: 退出,不參加。
  10. dude food: 纯爷们食物,dude一词源于英国,本意是“纨绔子弟、花花公子”,后泛指男人、哥们,dude food于是用来指代男人喜欢的食物,主要是热狗、汉堡这类垃圾食品。
  11. acronym: 首字母缩略语。
  12. sharenting: 晒娃行为,指有“秀娃”习惯父母们每天热衷于在社交网络上分享孩子的动态,展示宝贝的可爱。
  13. resilient: 有弹性的,能适应的;prone to: 易于……的。
  14. throw shade: 公然蔑视;contempt: 蔑视;subtle: 不易察觉的;non-verbal:非语言的。
  15. 美国政治家唐纳德·特朗普所倡导的政策,尤其指那些摒弃当前政治体制并积极追求美国国家利益的政策。advocate: 提倡,主张;rejection: 摒弃,废弃; vigorous: 强劲有力的。
  16. controversial: 备受争议的;outrageous:毫无节制的,肆无忌惮的;attribute to: 认为……出自(某人)。
  17. uberization: 优步化,Uber(优步,一款打车软件)加后缀-ization组成,指通过移动技术,在服务者和用户之间直接建立联系的商业模式;adoption: 采取。
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