摘要乳腺极为致密的女性患乳腺癌风险增加且乳腺钼靶肿瘤探测率降低。尽管如此,在大多数国家,这些妇女目前仅用乳腺钼靶进行筛查。MRI由于敏感性较高,可能会提高乳腺癌的早期检测率。然而,MRI更为昂贵,预计会带来假阳性结果数量增加,并可能增加过度诊断。为了研究MR成像的额外价值,需要设计一个随机对照试验(RCT),其中一组行乳腺钼靶,另一组行乳腺钼靶和MR成像。这一设计有可能确定每个治疗群组间期癌比例。作为一种有效的筛查策略,MR成像检查发现的额外癌症必须带来后续间期癌减少。 Abstract Women with extremely dense mammary glands have an increased risk of breast cancer and a lower detection rate of breast molybdenum target tumors. However, in most countries, these women are currently screened for mammography alone. MRI may increase the early detection rate of breast cancer because of its higher sensitivity. However, MRI is more expensive and is expected to increase the number of false-positive results and may increase the risk of overdiagnosis. In order to investigate the additional value of MR imaging, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) was required in which one group had mammography and the other mammography and MR imaging. This design makes it possible to determine the proportion of staging cancer in each treatment group. As an effective screening strategy, the additional cancers found by MR imaging must bring about the subsequent reduction in interphase cancer.