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目的调查不同性别患者尿路感染病原体的分布及耐药性的差异,为临床有针对性选用抗菌药物、提高经验性治疗有效性提供参考。方法收集2014年1月至2015年6月住院及门诊患者送检的中段尿标本,将分离出的484株病原体进行鉴定和体外药物敏感试验。结果尿路感染患者中男性422人,女性644人,比例为1∶1.53,从标本中共分离出病原体20余种,阳性率分别为41.47%和47.98%。分离率最高的均是大肠埃希菌,所占比例分别为21.72%和41.73%,女性高于男性,但男性患者中产ESBL酶的大肠埃希菌所占比例高于女性,分别为68.4%和46.5%。0~10岁和40~50岁间男性尿路感染患者略多于女性,50岁以后女性患者持续多于男性。结论女性患者分离出的G-菌多于男性,而男性分离出的G+菌和念珠菌多于女性。药敏实验结果表明从男性患者分离到的G-菌耐药性强于女性患者,女性分离到的肠球菌耐药性强于男性,非白色念珠菌的耐药性普遍强于男性患者。
Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of urinary tract infection in patients of different genders, and to provide reference for the clinical selection of antimicrobial agents and the improvement of the effectiveness of empirical therapy. Methods The urine samples from January 2014 to June 2015 were collected from inpatients and outpatients. 484 isolates were identified and tested in vitro. Results There were 422 males and 644 females with urinary tract infection, the ratio was 1: 1.53. More than 20 pathogens were isolated from the specimens. The positive rates were 41.47% and 47.98% respectively. Escherichia coli was the highest in all the isolates, accounting for 21.72% and 41.73% of the total, respectively. Women were higher than men, but the proportion of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli was 68.4% 46.5%. There was slightly more urinary tract infection among women aged 0-10 years and 40-50 years than women, with women continuing to outnumber men after 50 years of age. Conclusion Female patients isolated more G-bacteria than men, while men and women isolated G + bacteria and Candida than women. Drug susceptibility test results showed that G-bacteria isolated from male patients were more resistant than female patients. Enterococcus isolates from women were more resistant than men, and non-Candida albicans were generally more resistant than male patients.